Intro to Marine Science

What is Ocean Literacy principle 1?

The earth has one big ocean with many features

What is Ocean Literacy principle 2?

The ocean and life in the ocean shape the features of earth

What is Ocean Literacy principle 3?

The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate

What is Ocean Literacy principle 4?

The ocean made the earth habitable

What is Ocean Literacy principle 5?

The ocean supports a great diversity of life & ecosystems

What is Ocean Literacy principle 6?

The ocean & humans are inextricably interconnected

What is Ocean Literacy principle 7?

The ocean is largely unexplored

Saftey tips: Always swim with

a buddy

Safety tips: Know your ; tired, cold divers make more errors

limits

Safety tips: Wear a on a _ and stay with the boat if capsized

• life jacket

• boat

Safety tips: _ entry avoids head injuries

Feet first

Safety tips: Prevent and prepare for

emergencies

Safety tips: Recognize & _

• Hypothermia

• Hyperthermia

Safety tips: Know _ hazards

underwater

Safety tips: Respond with _ life guard training, or call professionals

CPR

Safety tips: Let someone on _ know your plans

shore

Safety tips: ____ local weather for _____, ______, and _____

• Check

• storms

• lightening

• flooding

At 80F how long can you stay in the water?

Indefinite time limit

At 60F how long can you stay in the water?

2-24 hour time limit

At 50F how long can you stay in the water?

30 minute - 3 hour time limit

At 32F how long can you stay in the water?

Less than 1 hour time limit

What does S.C.U.B.A. stand for?

Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

is required to avoid the dangers that proper training can prevent

Diver Certification

Regulator

Hoses; safely moves air from tank to you

Wet Suit

Protects skin and keeps you warm; uses water warmed by your body to insulate you

Dry suit

Better suited for very cold waters; extra warmth and keeps you dry

Cylinder Tank

Holds high-pressure breathing gas; made from steel/aluminum; single (common) or double tanks

Buoyancy Control Device (BCD)

controls your floating in water, helps carry tank; integrated weight system

Submersible Pressure Gauge

allows you to view how much air remains in your tank

Dive computer

measure your depth, dive time, how long can you stay at certain depths

Weights

weight belt or integrated system; maintain natural buoyancy

Mask

help see underwater

Snorkel

preserve air before and after you dive

Fins

control movement in water; increase speed and agility

What are the two main problems with SCUBA

Nitrogen Narcosis and Decompression Sickness

What is nitrogen narcosis?

Nitrogen is forced into the bloodstream & has an anesthetic quality that impairs judgement and may cause divert to become unconscious.

What is decompression sickness?

caused by surfacing too rapidly for excess nitrogen to be eliminated by breathing

Water collecting bottle

obtain water samples at a variety of depth

Hydrometer

measures density & salinity

Secchi disk

measures turbidity to determine the availability of light for photosynthesis in water

pH paper

used to indicate acidity or alkalinity of water

Sediment screen

filters through sediment (sand, rocks, silt, dirt, rust) for macroinvertebrates

1 Meter Quandrant

used to count distribution of a population over small area for extrapolation to larger areas

Collecting net

retrieves a variety of samples/objects from water

Line

attached to secchi disk, collecting bottle, plankton net, and other pieces of equipment

Waders/boots

saves time spent changing clothes

Seine net

Large net; catches smaller fish

Trawl net

Wide-mouthed fishing net

Cleat

used to secure a boat to a pier

Plankton net

mesh fine net; collection plankton

Long lining

curtain of baited lines used to catch large, pelagic fish

DSV Alvin

Used to locate bombs, the Titanic, Bismarck, and hydrothermal vents

Trieste

Bathyscaphe: self-propelled vehicle for deep-sea dives

Alycone

Cousteaus turbo sail ship, expedition ship & tests the operation of a new kind of marine propulsion system

FLIP ship

(FLoating Instrument Platform) designed to partially flood & pitch backward 90 degrees

Fore

front of the vessel

Aft

back of the vessell

Bow

forward part of the boat; tip

Stern

back part of the boat

Port

left hand side when facing the bow

Starboard

right hand side when facing the bow

Transom

cross section of the stern, often where the engine is located; support

Hull

structural body /underbody of a vessel; sits on the water

Gunwale

upper side edges of a vessel; protective

Dock

enclosed area of water in which to secure the boat; usually floating

Wharf

a structure built along or angled from the shore (parallel); load or unload

Pier

structure extending out into the water for landing, fishing, and crabbing

Dock line

rope used on a vessel

Marlinspike

the art of trying knots

Knots

unit of speed to measure one nautical mile per hour

Buoys

floating navigational aid

Can buoy

green/black buoy used to mark the port (left) when returning to port, odd-numbered markers

Nun buoy

red buoy used to mark the starboard (right) when returning to port, even-numbered markers

What does it mean when green is on your starboard side?

You're heading out into open water

What does it mean when red is on your starboard side?

You're heading to shore from open water

What are the 5 oceans

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Antarctic/Southern ocean