Cell Organelles || Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

What is the function of/is the Cell Membrane?

A barrier that encloses the cell and regulates what enters/exits

What is the function of/is the Nucleus?

• Controls cell and all activities

• Copies RNA from DNA to direct protein synthesis

• Contains a nucleolus, which is responsible for manufacturing ribosomal subunits

• Contains one or more nucleoli and all of the chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell

• Stores DNA

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Creates energy through cellular respiration, transferring the energy stored in organic compounds to molecules of ATP

What is the function of the Ribosome?

Creates proteins

What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

Moves materials around the cell

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Takes proteins from the ER, processes & packages, and ships proteins to their final destination

What is the function of the Lysosome?

Digests old Organelles and viruses/bacteria, cleaning out the cell

What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?

Support and shape the cell

What is the function of the Cell Wall?

Protects plant cell, keeping its shape

What is the function of the Vacuole?

Stores food, water, waste, materials

What is the function of the Chloroplast?

Performs photosynthesis

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

Contain organelles

Mitochondria

• “Powerhouse” of the cell

• Creates energy

• Numerous in cells w/high energy demands

Ribosome

• Performs protein synthesis

• In Cytoplasm or on ER

• Translates mRNA and builds proteins

• Manufactured by nucleolus

• Most numerous in cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Can be rough/smooth

  • Might have attached ribosomes - rough

• Moves molecules around the cell

Golgi Apparatus

• Recieves proteins from ER

• Works w/ER to prep materials

• Processes and packages substances to export

• Ships proteins to final desination

Lysosome

• Digests old Organelles and viruses/bacteria

• Rids organism of damaged/dead cells

• Contains strong enzymes

Cytoskeleton

• Supports cell and shape

• Provides framework

Cell Wall

• Rigid in plants, algae, fungi, and many Prokaryotic cells

• Outside of cell membrane, thicker than membrane

Vacuole

• Storage

  • Food, water, waste

Chloroplast

• Performs photosynthesis

• Contains chlorophyll

• Converts sun energy to chemical energy

Cytoplasm

• Contains organelles

• Gelatin-like, watery fluid w/salt and min

What organelles do animal and plant cells share?

• Golgi apparatus

• Cell membrane

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Nucleus (&DNA)

• Nucleolus

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

• Lysosome

• Vesicles

What organelles do animal cells have that plant cells do not?

• Centriole

• Small vacuoles

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

• Cell wall

• Chloroplasts

• Large vacuole

What characterizes prokaryotic cells?

• No nucleus

  • Free-floating DNA

• Ribosomes

• Cell membrane

• Cell wall

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell with no nucleus

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell with a nucleus