Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

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10 Terms

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Operon
A DNA region containing genes that encode proteins for a specific function, a promoter, and an operator.
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Promoter
A DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
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Operator
A segment of DNA where regulatory proteins bind to control transcription.
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Lac Operon
A genetic switch in E. coli that controls the metabolism of lactose.
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What is the function of the operator in an operon?
The operator controls transcription by binding regulatory proteins.
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Why is regulating gene expression beneficial for prokaryotes?
It conserves energy and resources by producing proteins only when needed.
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What occurs in the lac operon when lactose is absent?
A repressor protein binds to the operator, blocking RNA polymerase and preventing transcription.
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What occurs in the lac operon when lactose is present?
The repressor does not bind, allowing RNA polymerase to transcribe the genes for lactose digestion.
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Prokaryotic transcription regulation
Simpler than in eukaryotes and primarily involves operons.
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Energy conservation in gene expression
Gene expression is controlled to conserve energy and resources.