Chapter 1: Introduction to Linguistics

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21 Terms

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Lexicon

The mental inventory of words and their meanings in a language.

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Syntax

The set of rules that governs the structure of sentences in a language.

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Morphology

The study of the structure and formation of words in a language.

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Phonetics

The study of the production and perception of speech sounds.

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Phonology

The aspect of grammar that deals with the structure and patterning of sounds in a language.

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Semanticity

A feature of language in which signals (words or phrases) are associated with specific meanings.

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Arbitrariness

The lack of inherent connection between the form of a word and its meaning.

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Displacement

The ability of language to allow speakers to talk about things not present in space or time.

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Productivity

The capacity of language users to generate and understand an infinite number of unique sentences.

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Mental Grammar

An unconscious system of rules that governs how a speaker understands and produces language.

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Language Acquisition

The unconscious process of learning a language typically occurring in young children.

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Language Learning

A conscious process of learning a language, often through formal instruction.

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Descriptive Grammar

An approach that describes how people use language in various contexts, without judgments of correctness.

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Prescriptive Grammar

An approach that prescribes how language should be used, often based on traditional norms.

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Grammatical Utterance

A sentence considered acceptable according to the rules of a particular language.

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Ungrammatical Utterance

A sentence that does not conform to the grammatical rules of a language.

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Register

Variations in language use depending on the social context or situational factors.

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Dialect

A specific form of a language that varies based on geographic or social differences.

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Competence

The innate knowledge and understanding of a language that a speaker possesses.

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Performance

The actual language produced or used by speakers in real situations.

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Universal Grammar

The theory that the ability to learn language is inherent to all human beings, with underlying structures shared across all languages.