Reg Unit 5: Blood Sweat and Air

Hydration

maintenance of the level of water in the cells and tissues of the body; must be maintained by a feedback loop in the body to maintain homeostasis.

cellular respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

mitochondria

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.

heart

A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

heart rate

A measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as the number of beats per minute.

ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

a lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group

Glucose (C6H12O6)

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues.

Oxygen (O2)

gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine; exhaled through the lungs

Aerobic

Process that requires oxygen

Anaerobic

Process that does not require oxygen

feedback loop

a circular process in which a system's output serves as input to that same system

lactic acid fermentation

the breakdown of glucose in animal cells (including human cells) that produces lactic acid as the main end product

blood

a fluid matrix called plasma in which blood cells, and platelets are carried. Blood plays a major role in bring cells what they need to maintain homeostasis.

artery, vein, capillary

types of blood vessels that help carry blood to every cell in the body

hormone

Chemical messengers that are produced in one tissue and affect another

body temperature

the amount of heat in the body that is a BALANCE between the amount of heat produced and the amount lost by the body

blood glucose

the amount of glucose in the blood; must be maintained by a feedback loop in the body to maintain homeostasis.

blood pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels; must be maintained by a feedback loop in the body to maintain homeostasis.