Public Health Lectures Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary cards covering global health, systems governance, social determinants, ethics, and specific health demographics as presented by Dr. Andrew Mutalanshi.

Global Health

A focus on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide, emphasizing transnational health issues, determinants, and solutions.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Established in 1948, this organization marks the historical context of early infectious disease control and global health coordination.

Sustainable Development Goal 3

A global objective to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all.

Governance

Processes ensuring authority, accountability, transparency, and responsiveness in the management of resources and organizations.

WHO Health System Framework Building Blocks

Six components consisting of Service Delivery, Health Workforce, Health Information, Medicines, Financing, and Leadership/Governance.

World Population (UN, 2025)

Approximately $8\,billion$ people.

Neoliberalism

An economic approach that emphasizes free markets, privatization, and reduced state intervention, often resulting in reduced public health funding.

Health Communication

The study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community decisions that enhance health.

Health Education

A process of learning through which individuals and communities gain knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to make healthy choices.

Social Determinants of Health (SDH)

The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, including the health system, which shape health outcomes.

Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA)

A systematic process to identify the health needs and priorities of a community to inform health planning and resource allocation.

SWOT Analysis

A tool used in CHNA to evaluate Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats regarding health status and services.

Health in All Policies (HiAP)

A collaborative approach that integrates health considerations into policymaking across all sectors to promote health equity.

Health Impact Assessment (HIA)

A key component of HiAP used to integrate policy and coordination mechanisms while monitoring health outcomes.

Adolescent

A person aged $10-19\,years$ during the transitional phase between childhood and adulthood.

Health Promotion

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve, their health.

Advocacy

A core strategy of health promotion focused on promoting health-supportive environments and resources.

Behavior Change

The process by which individuals adopt new behaviors or abandon old ones.

Health Belief Model (HBM)

An individual-level theory focusing on perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

Also known as Stages of Change, it includes: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination.

Community Organizing

The process of bringing people together to address common health concerns through collective action.

Community Health Worker (CHW) Program

A Zambian initiative that bridges the gap between communities and clinics through household education and health referrals.

Behavior Change Communication (BCC)

A strategy used in HIV/AIDS health promotion practices alongside Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT).

WASH

An acronym for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene practices, which in Zambia includes handwashing campaigns and cholera prevention.

Autonomy

An ethical principle respecting individual choice, informed consent, and voluntary participation.

Beneficence

The ethical core principle defined as 'doing good'.

Non-maleficence

The ethical core principle defined as 'do no harm'.

Justice

The ethical principle ensuring the fair distribution of benefits and burdens and addressing social health inequalities.

HIV Primary Care

Continuous, comprehensive services provided to people living with HIV, including prevention, treatment (ART), monitoring, and psychosocial support.

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

Treatment recommended for all people living with HIV to improve quality of life and achieve viral suppression.

Life-course approach

Addressing health specific needs across all stages of life, from girl child health and reproductive age to menopause and elderly care.

Youth (Zambia Definition)

In Zambia, generally defined as any person between the ages of $15$ and $35\,years$.

Palliative Care

Specialized medical care for people living with serious illnesses that focuses on relief from pain, symptoms, and stress to improve quality of life.