Intersubjectivity

Confucius

It is a virtue central to man that can be found in his sociality or intersubjectivity. In his philosophy, Confucius stresses order and harmony in the world. His aims can be achieved through practical, concrete, particular, and perceptual ways. This means Confucian thinking on intersubjectivity is practical humanism. There is an emphasis on human actions in sociality. He calls every man to love the other through actions, not through thoughts.

Martin Buber

A Jewish philosopher who introduced the "I-Thou" and "I-It" relationships to embody his philosophy of intersubjectivity. For ____________, we have to treat another person as a subject (a being different from things or objects). Persons are not inanimate objects to be used. They have their own mind and free will, thus, we have to respect others as we respect ourselves. "I" refers to the self and "Thou" or "You" refers to others. This "I- Thou" relationship is the most meaningful relationship in the realm of humanity. The "I" is the same with the "Thou" and there should be mutual relationship between them. We can only recognize the self in the context of the other. This is a "person-to-person" relationship, "subject-to-subject" relation. We need to accept, respect, be sincere, and have dialogue with the other.

Karol Wojtyla

He is also St. John Paul II but as a philosopher, we use his real name. For ___________, human action is the foundation of our being. But human reality is also about being with others, so our actions are also directed towards others. This form of action is now called "Participation." In the theory of participation, man has the capacity to share himself to others. This affirms the reality that man acts and exists with others. He is a member of the community of persons, a community of "I-You" or "We." Since man is a member of this community, his experience with others gives him meaning and allows him to create meaning with others.

Self-awareness

Refers to the understanding of oneself as an existing human being that recognizes human existence as distinct from other living beings and other humans as well.

Individuality

Refers to the person's awareness that he or she should live his or her life on his or her own terms and to live a life that is distinct from other people.

Authenticity

Achieved once the individual's thoughts, ideas, and actions express and upholds his or her individuality.

Self

The awareness of one's individuality.

Other

Generally refers to objects outside of personal experience, while it is often used by most philosophers to refer to other individuals apart from the self.

Jean-Paul Sartre

One view considers genuine relationships as difficult and almost impossible to attain. The existentialist philosopher _________ considers human relationships as frustrating and are often inauthentic and ambiguous. According to him, humans tend to view others as a means to achieve certain desires.

Alienation

Where the individual ceases to view the other as a distinct and authentic person.

Karl Marx

States that alienation happens when a human being is treated as an object instead of a human being. ________ further attributed alienation as that which gives rise to the exploitation of people.

Edith Stein

here are philosophers who have a more positive view of human interaction and believe that humans naturally seek and are able to achieve and maintain genuine, meaningful relations with each other. __________ defines the self-other relationship as being driven by empathy - the awareness and recognition that the other is a human person with thoughts and feelings.

Edmund Husserl

Believes that intersubjectivity is more than just shared understanding, but is the capability to put oneself "in the place where the other is."

Gabriel Marcel

Defines genuine relationship based on availability or the willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of another.

Martin Buber

_____________ considers human existence as a continuous dialogue with the other, and that the self becomes whole through interaction with nature, with other people, and with God.

Ethics of Care

Emphasizes the moral dimension of relationships and interactions. This moral perspective encourages individuals to see to the needs of other people, most especially the vulnerable..

Seeming

Refers to the way individuals present themselves when interacting with other individuals. In this relationship, a person acts based on how he thinks others view him as a person.

Mark 12:31

“Love your neighbor as you love yourself”

Matthew 7:12

"do unto others what you would have them do unto you"

Intersubjectivity

Thus, __________ would mean in the general sense as "sharing of subjective states by two or more individuals." (Scheff 2006). It is the organic union of the subjective reality and the objective reality of beings. Meaning to say, as a person, we have a personal regard to self but we cannot deny the fact (objective - fact of reality we all share) that we live with others so we also regard them as part of ourselves.