Music Business Final

Chapters 8-14

1\. Although it is not necessary for every one of these ingredients to be present to create a music scene, which of the following statements would most reflect a viable music scene?

A. The more elements (ingredients) there are, the longer the scene is likely to last.

B. When the business components of the scene are not present, they will often materialize when attorneys, managers and agents realize national interest is developing around a regional music.

C. Local organizations, whether they are union locals or regional music organizations, is to provide musicians with the chance to network with each other. Artists meet producers, managers find artists, songwriters begin collaboration, etc.

D. All the above

D

2\. The music trade organization that is in charge of the annual Grammy show, and sponsors various educational, medical assistance, and grant programs for its members is called the:

A. National Radio and Sciences Academy (NRSA)

B. National Association of Recording Arts (NARA)

C. National Association of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS)

D. National Arts and Sciences Academy (NASA)

C

3\. Denver, Colorado and Portland, Oregon represent entirely different way for a musical scene to develop. Although they lack massive superstars, have been able to survive and develop without achieving mass popularity. Concerning Denver, CO, what popular groups/artists have emerged or recorded in the Denver area?

A. Chicago

B. Elton John

C. Beach Boys

D. John Denver

E. All the above

E

4\. The United States is a diverse country, and there are many communities that support locally vibrant music scenes. A good deal of ethnic music exists under the radar of the prevalent pop-rock scene. Denver, for example, has a large Hispanic population. Brooklyn has strong Arab and West Indian communities. New York is also the headquarters of salsa music, due to its large Puerto Rican population and many New York jazz musicians who are not Hispanic play in these bands. With regards to Native American music, what two cities mentioned in the text have major Native American music labels?

A. Detroit, MI & Chicago, IL

B. Phoenix, AZ & Albuquerque, NM

C. San Antonio, TX and Sacramento, CA

B

5\. Conductors and solo recitalists have classical music managers and agents, who are usually one and the same. As in the case in pop music managers and agents, they negotiate fees for their talent and arrange recording deals. Which of the following is one of the major classical music management firms who has dozens of clients who range from young winners of international contests to well-established and distinguished musicians?

A. Columbia Artists Management (CAMI)

B. Middletown Arts Management (MAM)

C. Primo Artists Management, LLC

D. Rosin Artists Management, INC

A

6\. The primary duties and responsibilities of the Arts Administrator consist of which of the following:

A. Managing and operating a nonprofit arts group

B. Managing and operating a public Center for Performing Arts

C. Skillful employment of diplomacy with staff and board members

D. Fund-raising, the writing of grants, and hiring staff members.

E. All the above

E

7\. The Latin music market is not really a single market. The three leading Spanish-speaking groups in the United States are Mexicans, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans. The Mexican-American population is strongest in the southwest. In the Mexican-American group alone, different musical styles coexist. NARAS, the organization that created the Grammy TV show, also does an annual Latin Grammies show, and it has created a separate organization. This organization is called:

A. National Association of Recording Arts and Sciences

B. National Association of Latin Recording Artists

C. LARAS; Latin Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences

D. Latin American Association of Recording Artists

C

8\. The biggest problem that hip-hop has encountered is that is has not been as lucrative in live performances as it has for the multitalented producers. Which of the following reasons contribute to this philosophy?

A. Obtaining insurance for hip-hop concerts is much more expensive to buy than other types of concerts.

B. Promoters are reluctant to add to their financial burdens by paying these insurance costs and hiring additional security personnel.

C. Hip-hop music has often been labeled music associated with crime and gangsters, and promoters fear the possible eruption of violence at hip-hop stadium shows.

D. A large number of hip-hop performances consist of a rapper with a supporting cast of other rappers, and someone making the beats or playing tapes of beats. An entire show of beats, turntable scratching, and lyrics without melodies does not make for a vastly entertaining evening, especially in a facility where dancing is difficult or impossible.

E. All the above

E

9\. Bluegrass music has been a niche in the country music world for over sixty years. The national organization that promotes bluegrass music is:

A. National Bluegrass Association

B. The International Bluegrass Music Association (IBMA)

C. International Bluegrass Federation

B

10\. Promoters can present an entire tour or work with a booking agent to bring an act to their particular town. Superstar deals offer relatively little profit for the presenter. In many cases, the act receives 90 percent of the net income, after approved expenses. Which of the following are approved expenses a promoter will encounter:

A. Renting the venue

B. Hiring security to protect the act and prevent trouble at the venue

C. Advertising in local media

D. Hiring local personnel, stagehands, etc.

E. Purchasing insurance to protect venue from vandalism, or the audience itself against any sort of violence or accidents, or inclement weather conditions that might cause the concert to be cancelled

F. Honoring the group’s demands (contract rider); catered food, specific beverages, transportation requests

G. Paying the ticket agency that sells tickets for the concert, such as Ticketron, applicable taxes, and box office and credit card fees

H. All the above

H

11\. A clause or series of clauses attached to a contract with the artist’s demands, such as catered food, specific beverages and transportation requests is called a:

A. Amended contract

B. Rider

C. Addendum

D. Inclusion

C

12\. Which of the following are ways that a promoter and an act may work out a deal as far how the act will be compensated?

A. Flat-fee deal

B. Guarantee + percentage

C. Flat-fee plus bonus

D. Straight percentage deal

E. All the above

E

13\. If a show is a financial bomb for the promoter, and if he has a good relationship with an act, it is always possible to ask the act to give back part of what has turned out to be an excessive guarantee. This will only happen if the act is convinced that the promoter adequately promoted the show or if the booking agency has a long-term relationship with the promoter and convinces the act or its manager that the poor attendance wasn’t the promoters fault. The term used for this type of request is referred to as:

A. Give back

B. Payback

C. Return of guarantee

D. Contract reversal

B

14\. The clause in the contract that says that the club has the right of first refusal to book an act again, within a specified time period is called:

A. Repeat engagement clause

B. Replays clause

C. Returns

B

15\. With regards to performing rights, any public performance requires that the promoter or the venue be licensed by the performing rights organizations. When a venue regularly presents music, they may already have obtained a license for the event. It is never the responsibility of the artist to obtain such a license, unless the artist is also the promoter of the event. Which of the following organizations must a promoter or venue be licensed with?

A. ASPCA

B. SEGUE

C. ASCAP, BMI, SESAC

C

16\. When a musician moves to a new town, they will look for ways of introducing their music to people that have probably never heard of them. The situations where clubs allow people to come and play for a short period time (usually fifteen or twenty minutes) is called:

A. Closed session

B. Open mics

C. Jam session

B

17\. There are local, state, and regional arts councils all over the United States. The regional arts organizations hold conferences and have juried showcases where artists are selected to appear and play for the attendees. There are also exhibit tables where artists can solicit gigs. A group of shows booked all at once as a result of attending conferences like this is referred to as:

A. Multiples

B. Advanced booking

C. Block bookings

D. Immediate sale

C

18\. Probably the most lucrative type of booking where corporations promote appearances of artists without the use of a promoter is called:

A. Rare appearance

B. Corporate Events and Conventions

C. Employee’s appreciation events

B

19\. The activity that means playing for tips in public environments like subways, malls, street corners, farmers’ markets, or parks is referred to in the text as:

A. Bumming

B. Busking

C. Street performing

D. Soliciting

B

20\. Performing rights are limited to songwriters in the United States. In Europe, they are also enjoyed by performing artists, who split the royalties with record companies and backup musicians and singers. In the U.S., the only medium in which this occurs is in sales of digital files. Today, record companies, performing rights organizations, unions, and other musicians’ groups are agitating to create performing rights for performers as well as songwriters. What is the name of the international organization whose goal is to increase and protect the rights of creators?

A. International Federation of Songwriters

B. International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers (CISAC)

C. Federation of Societies for Composers and Authors

D. European Federation of Authors and Composer (EFAC)

B

21\. National support of music and musicians comes through government grant programs or from private philanthropy. In the United States, the latter role is the most significant. What is the name of the National organization that its funds are split between music, the visual arts, dance, theater, and film?

A. Music Educators National Conference

B. National Association of Music, Theatre & Dance

C. National Endowment of the Arts (NEA)

D. Endowment fund of America

C

22\. In many countries, multiple languages are spoken, and there may be a variety of ethnic groups. In other countries, the difference is cultural, so that vocal styles and the instruments played by different ethnic groups vary greatly. Which of the following factors influence the use of domestic versus foreign repertoire?

A. Radio play mandated by the government

B. Prevalence of local languages

C. Indigenous musical styles that are resistant to foreign incursions

D. Formats of recorded music

E. All the above

E

23\. This law, also referred to as “competition laws”, are statues developed by the U.S. Government to protect consumers from predatory business practices by ensuring that fair competition exists in an open-market economy. Although taken more seriously in Europe than it is in the United States, the idea behind this is that certain corporate alliances may limit competition and set price-fixing that is harmful to consumers, and discourages competition from other companies. This law is called:

A. Fair consumer trade law

B. Competition clause

C. Anti-trust law

C

24\. In Japan, there is a long-standing vogue for teenaged boy bands, mirrored by the Korean girl bands. These bands are popular all over Asia. Members of the band are signed to long-term management contracts that many observers describe as being abusive. They undergo an extreme version of the old Motown charm school training. Every move is choreographed, every song carefully prepared, and all public relations moves are carefully scripted. These two groups are labeled:

A. Bebop and teenage pop

B. K-pop and J-pop

C. Doowap and Pop pop

B

25\. The unauthorized use or reproduction of another work in the music industry is referred to as:

A. Stealing

B. Bootlegging

C. Piracy

D. Plagiarism

C

26\. In recent years, which two countries have been near the top of the list of offenders of those who obtain music without paying royalties to anyone?

A. China & Russia

B. Mexico and Japan

C. Canada & Puerto Rico

A

27\. The company in Los Angeles that solicits membership from songwriters and artists for a fee where their submissions are reviewed by a variety of people with experience in the industry as songwriters, A&R personnel, etc. is called:

A. ICare.net

B. Playbill

C. Taxi (www.taxi.com)

D. GetHeard

C

28\. A number of organizations or corporations hold annual songwriting contests. Various prizes are offered to the winners, which may include a cash award, recording time in a professional studio, or even a record release. All of the following are true except:

A.. The more professional sounding the entrants demo, the more serious the professional judge will weigh your recording for the contest.

B. If the winner receives studio time or a record release, the contest promoters pay all expenses involved with getting to where the studio is: (airfare, hotel, meals, etc).

C. Pay attention to the fees required to entering the contest, compared to prizes. National songwriting contests draw thousands of entries. If there were a $20 fee for each song entered and thousands of entries, simple math will tell you that the contest is more of a money-making enterprise for the people running it than for the songwriters who enter it.

B

29\. Which of the following are ways for a songwriter who is not working with a publisher to get a song recorded by an artist? (How songwriters get songs recorded – doing it on their own)

A. The writer should find the last album that this artist made, and look for the name of the producer of the album and, if it appears, the name of the artist’s manager.

B. After finding the producer and/or manager, ask their permission to send songs. Most of the time people in the business will not accept unsolicited material.

C. It is best to send multiple songs because the artist will enjoy listening and pick the one that they feel best suits their style.

D. Find a local band that is looking for new material. This enables the writer to get some feedback to the songs from band members and the public.

E. A, B, D

E

30\. The single best resource for contacting music publishers is through the annual _______________. This book lists music publishers; with names, addresses, descriptions of what musical genres they prefer, and tells whether they accept unsolicited material. This resource also lists record producers, agents, and managers, songwriting retreats, and contests.

A. Songwriter’s Journal

B. Songwriting for Dummies

C. Songwriter’s Market

C

31\. Which of the following best describes the content in a **reversion clause**? 

A. The publisher must record and release the song in a certain period of time 

B. The rights of the song revert back to the songwriter if a recording is not completed in a certain period   of time which can range from six months to two years 

C. Publishers are always willing to grant a reversion clause to the songwriter 

D. A & B

B

32\. Many songwriters also utilize their skills to write short songs used to promote a product. MSU Alum  **Scott Wojahn (79)** is a singer, composer, musician, conductor and music producer. In 1990, he co founded Wojahn Bros. Music in Santa Monica, California, a music production company specializing in  producing music for the world’s largest advertising brands. Besides the obvious and visible market for  commercials that run on radio and television networks, there are hundreds of commercials written for  local and regional products. These short songs in the business are referred as: 

A. Short songs 

B. Commodity product 

C. Jingles 

D. Clips 

C

33\. Multi-track digital recorders became available in the 1990s, albeit the high cost. Long and bitter  arguments transpired among audio engineers, producers, artists, and music fans about the sound  quality of hard disk systems. The undeniable advantage of hard disk recording is the ease of editing.  Time-consuming edits that used to be done using razors wielded by a very nervous sound engineer are  now done in fractions of a second. Which of the following hard disk systems is mentioned in the text  and is a leader in the industry? 

A. WavePad 

B. Sound Forge 

C. Pro Tools 

D. Diamond Cut 

C

34\. When a recording studio guarantees that a particular artist has access to a studio for as many hours  as they choose to work without additional charges, this is called: 

A. Lockout 

B. Generous 

C. Exclusive 

D. Guarantee

A

35\. In the music industry, a studio specializing in jingles have a large supply of music that is used for  commercials, radio station IDs, and low-budget movies and rented to Producers. The income generated  per se is small, but sometimes the same piece of music used as a bank commercial in Dallas is running  for a car dealer in Raleigh, North Carolina. The local user or studio simply inserts a different copy that  describes the service offered in the jingle or the name of the local radio station. This supply of music is  often catalogued by moods, tempo, style or specific sound effects, like a train whistle. This large supply  of music is called: 

A. Sound files 

B. Effects files 

C. Library Music 

D. Music Catalog

C

36\. The word ***Producer*** does not really define what a record or movie producer does. In the movie  industry, a producer is responsible for arranging the financing of a film, and generally has limited  creative input. The film’s director makes most of the creative decisions. It is best to think of the record  producer as being the director of the recording project. Which of the following other professions have  record producers come from? 

A. Engineering 

B. Studio Musician 

C. Hit songwriter 

D. Former or current artist 

E. All the above

E

37\. In the DIY world of the music business, it is essential for musicians to develop entrepreneurial skills.  The entrepreneur must sense some sort of opening in the market for a new invention, or a different way  of looking at existing strategies. When an artist or group goes on the road and begins to make a  reasonable amount of money, their business manager will offer various ways to simplify dealing with the  business aspects of a career. The simplest form of business is one that __is owned and operated by a__  __single individual.__ All profits and losses belong to the owner of the business. This type of business is  called: 

A. Single owner proprietorship 

B. Sole proprietorship 

C. Exclusive proprietorship

B

38\. It is important that a group creates a partnership agreement in the early part of their careers.  Which of the following should be included in this agreement? 

A. This agreement should specify who owns the equipment. 

B. This agreement should specify who owns the music publishing rights to the songs.

C. This agreement should specify who is authorized to spend money. 

D. This agreement should specify what procedures will be followed if a band member leaves or is fired.

E. All the above 

E

39\. In forming a corporation, investors are shielded from individual liability and are issued shares of  stock. Corporations are run by corporate officers, who make management decisions. Some states  require a board of directors and secretary, and often corporations are formed with the help of  attorneys. What is the name of the corporation that divides the expenses and income among its  shareholders, and does not pay a corporate tax, therefore earnings are taxed at the individual  shareholder’s rate? 

A. Tax Exempt Corporation 

B. Shareholder’s Individual Tax Corporation 

C. Subchapter S Corporations

C

40\. In the music industry, what trade paper is labeled the weekly “Bible” of the industry with many  charts, articles on new and old artists, and lists of the people they regard as major players in the entertainment business? 

A. People magazine 

B. Variety 

C. Billboard 

D. Enquire 

C

41\. The international organization formed in 1979 to bring together educators with leaders of the music  and entertainment industry in order to prepare students for careers in the music and entertainment  industries is: 

A. Music & Entertainment Industry Educators Association - MEIEA 

B. Entertainment Industry Education Association - EIEA 

C. National Association of Music Industry Educators – NAMIE 

A

42\. The biggest problem in music business education is how to teach students to develop the sort of  entrepreneurial skills that enable them to survive in today’s unpredictable music business. What other  skills will need to be developed in today’s market? 

A. General education skills; reading, writing, and spelling 

B. Languages 

C. Better general education 

D. Breaking down barriers 

E. Developing versatility 

F. All the above 

F

43\. If an owner of a music store is looking to hire a private instructor, what will the owner be looking for  in a competent teacher?  

A. Evaluating whether the instructor can play 

B. Dependability 

C. Experience (calling references) 

D. Knowledge and can relate well with others 

E. All the above

E

44\. Which of the following is a __newspaper__, also available online with a paid subscription, that presents  news, information, and is a __leading__ resource for college and university faculty job vacancies? 

A. University Faculty Chronicle 

B. University Jobs Gazette 

C. National Chronicle for Higher Education 

D. Music Educators National Conference (MENC)

C

45\. Most colleges offer professors the opportunity to become tenured. Professors can apply for tenure  after six years of full-time teaching. Which of the following best describes the tenure processes? 

A. Professor submits a dossier that includes a lengthy resume, teaching evaluations, credentials in the   area of teaching, and service and research and/or creative work.  

B. The music department sets up an evaluation committee, which includes several members of the   music department. 

C. The evaluation committee makes a recommendation to the music department, which then holds a   formal vote on the candidate.  

D. The decision then goes up the “food chain” (department chair, dean, college committee, and  university committee) for their vote and recommendations, too.  

E. All the above 

E

46\. The organization which functions as a support group for independents that consult with each other  about mutual problems such as pay scales and benefits for employees, marketing, and what is selling is  called the: 

A. Coalition of Independent Music Stores (CIMS) 

B. Cooperative of Individual Musical Supplies (CIMS) 

C. Commons of Independent Music Stores (CIMS) 

C

47\. According to the May 2016 issue of *The Music Retailer*, the top ten music and audio retailers include  five American companies. Which of the following was heading up the list with a reported total revenue  of $2.2 Billion dollars? 

A. Musicians Friend 

B. Guitar Center, Inc. 

C. Brasswinds – Woodwinds 

D. Sam Ash Music Corp

B

48\. In today’s ever-changing tech world, there are always opportunities available for someone who sees  a new wrinkle in an old marketplace. Success in developing such an enterprise can lead to the formation  of a large company. In 2010, David Kalt bought Chicago Music Exchange. His online site is Reverb.com.  Which of the following best describes what type of business Reverb.com specializes in? 

A. Primarily sells new instruments for both retail stores and individual consumers

B. Primarily sells used instruments for both retail stores and individual consumers

C. Negotiates fair pricing between manufacturers and dealers 

B

49\. The type of company who carries extensive lines of music product lines, including printed music and  serve the same function as “one-stops” are called _______________. A small music store can make a  single phone call, and order all or most of the musical merchandise that they need. This is a tremendous  convenience.  

A. Insiders 

B. Sole-proprietors 

C. Wholesalers 

D. Detailers

C

50\. Over time, the instrument manufacturers began to realize that the heavy discounters were  degrading the quality of music product lines, and were driving smaller retailers out of business. To  combat these trends, manufacturers introduced the MAP. The concept of the MAP to prevent anyone  from advertising a price lower than this somewhat discounted number. MAP means: 

A. Minimum Advertised Premium 

B. Minimum Advertised Price 

C. Modified American Plan 

D. Marketing Advertised Pricing

B