SCIENCE TRIMESTER 1

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Chemistry

The study of matter and how it changes.

Substance

A single kind of matter that always has a specific makeup or composition.

Physical Property

A characteristic that can be observed without changing the matter into another type of matter.

Chemical Property

A characteristic that describes something's ability to become something else.

Atom

The basic unit from which all matter is made.

Chemical Bond

A force of attraction between two or more atoms.

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Compound

A substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio.

Mixture

Two or more substances that are together in the same place, but their atoms are not chemically bonded.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture where it is difficult or impossible to see the different parts.

Heterogeneous Mixture

Substances that are mixed together but not chemically bonded to each other.

Mass

The amount of matter in an object.

Volume

The amount of space that matter occupies.

Weight

A measure of the force of gravity on an object.

Density

A measure of the mass of a material in a given volume.

Physical Change

Alters the form or appearance of matter but does not turn any substance into a different substance.

Chemical Change

Produces one or more new substances.

Law of Conservation of Matter

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change.

Energy

The ability to do work or cause change.

Thermal Energy

The total energy of the motion of all particles in an object.

Endothermic Change

Occurs when energy is absorbed.

Exothermic Change

Occurs when energy is released.

Solid

Has a definite shape and volume.

Liquid

Has a definite volume but no definite shape.

Gas

Has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

Potential Energy

Energy stored in an object due to its position or condition.

Kinetic Energy

Energy an object has because of its motion.

Electrical Energy

Generated by the movement of electrons.

Motion Energy

Energy stored in moving objects.

Elastic Energy

Energy stored in an object due to a force that temporarily changes its shape.

Melting Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

Freezing Point

The temperature at which a liquid freezes.

Vaporization

The change of state from a liquid to a gas.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid boils.

Evaporation

The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid change to a gas.

Condensation

The change in state from a gas to a liquid.

Sublimation

The change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state.

Pressure

The force applied over an area.

Charles's Law

Describes the relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas at constant pressure.

Boyle's Law

Describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature.

Energy

The ability to do work or cause change.

Motion

The state in which one object's distance from another is changing.

Force

A push or pull exerted on an object.

Work

Force exerted on an object that causes it to move.

Energy

Measured in joules, the same units as work.

Power

The rate at which one form of energy is transformed into another.

Work

The amount of energy transferred when a force is applied to move an object.

Watt

The SI unit of power, equal to 1 joule per second.

Calculating Power

Determined by how much and how quickly work is being done.

Power Formula

Power = Work/Time or Power = Force x Distance (depending on the question).

Power and Energy

Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or the amount of energy transferred in a unit of time.