HHP 2654 Applied Anatomy Final

Most palatable part of proximal femer

Gluteal Tuberosity

Keystone of the arch

Navicular

Q-Angle

>Angle formed by a line drawn from the ASIS to central patella and a second line drawn from central patella to tibial tuberosity.

>An increased Q angle is a risk factor for patellar subluxation and knee pain. Females more prone to injury because they have a larger Q angle and puts stress on the knees.

What is "Jumper's Knee"?

Patellar Tendonitis

Difference between male and female pelvis

Male: >90 degrees, sacrum tilted back, big pelvic outlet, and ilia spread wider

Female: <90 degrees, sacrum tilted forward, small pelvic outlet, and ilia closer together

Intertarsal Joints

Gliding Joints

Sesamoiditis

Inflammation of the sesamoid bone just behind the hallucis

Why is ankle more stable when dorsi than planter flex

When you dorsi flex the talus goes into the mortise and creates stability while when you planter flex is not stable.

Largest muscle in quads

Vastus Lateralis

Sever's disease

Same as Osgood Schlatter but at the heel. Inflammation on growth plate in calcaneus. Common in growing physically active kids.

Tidal volume

0.5 Liters

Tidal breathing= Normal breathing

What condition is made by atlas axis instability

Atlas= C1 occipital condyles

Axis= C2 Dens/ Odontoid Process

Low muscle tone and lax ligaments= veterbre can become misaligned.

Down-Syndrome( 10-30%)

What is functionally the most important group?

Anterior Group

What group of muscles is affected by foot slap gate

Anterior group

Also primary stage of syphilis

Hamstring muscle has distal lateral attachment

Biceps femoris

Hamstring muscle that has medial insertion

Semitendonosus and Semimebranosus

Why is running on a treadmill worse than running outside?

The quads and hamstrings do not need to "pull"

When is arches of baby formed

1-2 years old

What common movement does deep posterior of Tom, Dick and Harry

Knee flex, Planter flex

What is appropriate name for sway back

Posterior Pelvic Tilt

Where do thigh and left pelvic bone articulate

Acetabulum

What is bunion

Imflamed sesamoid bone that grows in the tendon of the big toe

Another name for hip joint

Acetabulofemoral Joint

Groin Injury

Gracialis

Valsalva Maneuver

Holding your breath while straining( pooping) or lifting weights.

Many heart attacks occur in bathrooms because of this, you shunt blood to your system.

How much flexion can abdominals do at spine

Most common 40 degrees. Most flexion occurs at the hips

Odontoid Process Found

C2, also known as dens

Unilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid

Rotation and Lateral flexion of the neck

Bilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid

Flexion

Causes Wry Neck

Forcep delivery, whip lash, hysteria

How is lumbar curvature formed and when

Formed when you start walking

Fossa that seperated rectus abdominal

Linea Alba

Bone not articulating with any other bone

Hyoid bone

If fractured the traquea collapses

Cauda Equina

horse tail

Bundle of spinal nerves from lumbar region

Gluteus Medius

Hip drop (Trendelenburg Lurch) common with Polio

Standing on one leg

Patella

Protects knee surfaces

Ossifies at age 3-5

Acts as a pulley

Contributors to flat feet

Age, Usage, Weight and Walking on flat surfaces

Residual volume

Remaining air after forced exhalation

Vital Capacity

Max amt of air one can expel from lungs after max inhalation

Pectus Excavatum

Caved in Chest

Triceps surae

"three headed calf muscle" the gastrocnemius and soleus

Know the anterior compartment of lower leg

anterior tibialis

extensor hallicis longus

extensor digitorum longus

peroneus tertius

Know the lateral compartment of lower leg

Fibularis Longus

Fibularis Brevis

Know the superficial posterior compartment of lower leg

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Plantaris

Know the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

popliteus

tibialis posterior

flexor digitorum longus

Which ligament is the first to be damaged in an inversion sprain

anterior talo-fibular ligament (most common)

Which ligament is the least likely to be damaged in an inversion sprain?

Posterior tala-fibular ligament

What is the talocrural joint

the ankle joint (talus into mortise)

What angle is the gluteus maximus the strongest

45 degrees

What is the largest muscle group in the thigh

hip adductors

What muscle is damaged to produce the trendelenburg lurch/limp

gluteus medius

where (joint) is the major eversion or inversion of the foot

subtalar joint

What is osgood schlatters disease

imbalance of muscle (quads) and tibial tuberosity ossification

-bone flakes irritating the periosteum

What is tenosynovitis

inflammation of the lining of the sheath that surrounds a tendon

What is the longest muscle in the body

sartorius muscle

What is tidal volume

.5 liters calm/relaxed

What condition is marked by lateral axial instability

down syndrome

What is important about the phrenic nerve

passes between lung and heart to the diaphragm. patients with spinal injuries below C5 can breathe despite paralysis of lower limbs

What type of stability do the cruciates relieve

anterior and posterior

What is the unhappy triad

O' Donoghue's Traid

injury to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial miniscus

When are the spinal arches of a baby developed

thoracic and sacral curves develop in the womb, the cervical curve develops during the first few months (allowing baby to lift its head) then the lumbar curve develops around six months (allowing baby to crawl, then walk)

What is pes planus

flat foot

What common movement of the deep posteriors of calf have (tom dick and harry) one common movement

plantar flexion and inversion

Why should you not self-prescribe arch supports?

Supports immobilize motion of the foot which leads to loss of function

What is the mortise

bony arch formed by tibial plafond and the two malleoli. this stabilizes the talus

Which muscle is called the kicking muscle

rectus femoris

Where do the right and left pelvic bone articulate

symphysis pubis

What is the effusion?

water on the knee

result of trauma, overuse injuries, or an underlying disease or condition

Protrusion of the fibrosis

disc herniation

What is spinal bifida

vertebrae incompletely formed, resulting in an incomplete spinal canal causing the spinal cord to stick out

What is the proper term for hunchback

kyphosis

What causes rye neck

forceps delivery, whip lash, hysteria

What is the fascia that seperates the two rectus abdomini

ptosis

What holds the hyoid in place?

Longus Capitis and Longus Colli

Scissor Gate

form of gait abnormality primarily associated with spastic cerebral palsy

What are some possible treatments for scissor gate?

sit on barrel or horseback riding

Symphysis Pubis

a cartilaginous joint that is the point of fusion for two pubic bones

Decubitus Ulcer

Bed Sore

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction

pain between sacrum and ilium

Angle of Inclination

"angle of the neck"

This is where hip fracture occur

It is greatest at birth (about 145°) and gradually diminishes until adulthood (about 125°)

Largest Muscle group of the hip

gluteus muscles

Piriformis Syndrome

Excessive use of the gluteal muscles in some athletes can lead to hypertrophy or spasm of the piriformis muscle, which can compress the sciatic nerve.

Iliotibial Band Syndrome

leading cause of lateral pain in runners

Avascular Necrosis

Interruption of blood supply to Femur head causes bone to degenerate and collapse, arthritis progresses FAS

Intercondylar eminence

Projection between the condyles of the Tibia. Articulates with the Intercondylar Notch of the Femur.

Intra articular cartilage

a plate or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule and separating the articular surfaces of the bones

Genu varum

Bowleg (knees out)

Chondromalacia

also known as "runner's knee," is a condition where the cartilage on the undersurface of the patella (knee cap) deteriorates and softens.

Housemaid's knee

Patellar bursitis from the trauma of repeated kneeling

Osteonecrosis

Death of bone tissue. This condition occurs most commonly in the femur head in elderly persons and may be due to obstructed arteries supplying the bone.

What is most oftenly affected by osteonecrosis?

medial femoral condyle

Interosseus membrane

a broad and thin plane of fibrous tissue that separates many of the bones of the body

Plantar fasciitis

pain and inflammation of a thick band of tissue, called the plantar fascia, that runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your heel bone to your toes.

Heel Spur

A calcium deposit causing a bony protrusion on the bottom of the calcaneus

Pes planus

flat foot

Tenosynovitis

inflammation and swelling of a tendon, typically in the wrist, often caused by repetitive movements such as typing. (Carpal Tunnel)

Bowstring ligament

found in longitudinal arch

Long Plantar Ligament

forms longitudinal arch

Longitudinal arch

Arch of the foot which helps absorb shock and add spring to each step.

Anterior compartment syndrome

an increased pressure within a muscular compartment that compromises the circulation to the muscle