17.1 composition of blood

one drop of blood contains..

5 million rbc

4k-11k leukocytes

150k-450k platelets

globulins

35% of plasma proteins, responsible for TRANSPORT IMMUNOGLOBINS (antibodies) and other globulins

plasma is composed of

3 L; (46-63%) => Water (92%), ions, organic molecules such as(amino acids, proteins (7%) such as(albumins, globulins, fibrogen), lipids, nitrogenous waste), trace elements and vitamins, gases (CO2 and O2)

other solutes

(1%) includes: electrolytes (plasma salt), organic nutrients (lipids, carbs, amino acids), organic wastes (urea, creatinine, bilirubin)

hematopoiesis

synthesis of blood cells begins during early embryonic development and continues thru life

--Bone Marrow--

1. pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (BONE MARROW)

2. uncommitted stem cells OR lymphocyte stem cells

3. committed progenitor cells

4. erythroblast or megakaryocyte (STILL IN BONE MARROW BTW)

--CIRCULATION--

5. reticulocyte (stemming from erythroblast), platelet (from megakaryocyte; lives for 10 days), neutrophil (100 mill a day, lives for 6 hrs), monocyte, basophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte (from lymphocyte stem cells)

albumin

60% of plasma proteins, responsible for OSMOTIC PRESSURE (regulates water absorbed and released from the body), transport lipids, hormones and steroids, a carrier of certain things; they look at what binds to the albumin for what medication is good for you

fibrinogen

4% of plasma proteins, essential for CLOTTING

regulatory proteins

<1% of plasma proteins, ENZYMES, proenzymes, HORMONES

platelets

formed elements, 0.1%, fragments of megakaryocytes CRITICAL FOR CLOTTING; also known as thrombocytes

cellular elements is composed of...

2 L; 37-54%=> red blood cells, white blood cells including (lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils), and platelets

hematocrit

ratio of RBC's to plasma (percentage of total blood volume);

males have higher hematocrit compared to females due to higher RBC count

centrifugation

layers: plasma, white blood cells, platelets (BUFFY COAT), red blood cells (hematocrit)

uses centripetal force to separate whole blood into plasma and formed elements

RBC's/erythrocytes

formed elements; deliver oxygen (O2) and remove waste (CO2), live for 4 months, half of their life spent in ciruclation phase of hematopoeisis

WBC's/leukocytes

formed elements; neutrophils (50-70%), eosinophils (2-4%), basophils (<1%), lymphocytes (20-30%), monocytes (2-8%)

water

part of plasma,(92%) transports organic and inorganic molecules, formed elements and heat

dehydration

less water means LOWER PLASMA LVLS

what is blood made of?

whole blood is made out of plasma and cellular elements; ~5L in human body