Computer Systems Chapter 4

Exam study Guide

What are the design factors for a good computer/device?

• Easy to use

• Attractive

• Meets user's needs

Define User Experience (UX).

User experience is how a person feels when using a device or application, focusing on ease of use and suitability for the user.

What is accessibility in the context of computer systems?

Accessibility refers to how easy a device or software is to use for people with disabilities or special needs.

Explain the concept of ergonomics.

Ergonomics is the design of products to be safe, comfortable, and efficient to use, such as mouse shapes that fit naturally in the user's hand.

What are emerging technologies?

Emerging technologies are new or developing technologies or innovative uses of existing technology, such as AI, 5G, biometrics, nanotechnology, and IoT.

: What is a prototype?

A prototype is an early model of a product used to test whether the design meets users' expectations, often lacking the final design.

What are the two types of prototypes?

1. Appearance Prototype: Shows shape, size, and appearance; minimal functionality.

2. Functional Prototype: Has most functions, used to test actual operation.

 Define Minimum Viable Product (MVP).

A Minimum Viable Product is an early version of a product with enough features to satisfy initial customers and gather feedback.

List the main tasks of an Operating System (OS).

• Memory management

• File management

• Device management

• Power management

• User accounts

• Security

What is the Fetch–Decode–Execute Cycle in computer processing?

The cycle includes:

1. Fetch: Get instruction/data from RAM.

2. Decode: Interpret the instruction.

3. Execute: Carry out the instruction.

Describe the role of device drivers in computer systems.

Device drivers are software that control hardware devices and act as translators between the hardware and the computer.

What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

Compiler	Interpreter
Translates the whole program	Translates one line at a time
Errors prevent execution	Stops at errors
Creates an executable file	Does not create an executable file

What is the significance of sampling in relation to sound?

Sampling is taking measurements of a sound wave at intervals, and the sample rate determines the accuracy and quality of digital sound.

 Define logic gates in computing.

Logic gates are components that perform logical operations and calculations, composed of transistors, and are essential for forming logic circuits.

 What are the benefits and drawbacks of automation?

Benefits ✅	Drawbacks ❌
Saves costs	High setup costs
Reduces human error	Can cause job losses
Works 24/7	Depends heavily on software
Increases productivity	Requires maintenance
Can perform dangerous tasks	—