Principles of Instrumentation

3 main parts of the instrument

Handle, shank, working end

Instrument Handle function and physical Characteristics(3)

The part of the periodontal instrument used for holding the instrument

• weight

• diameter

• texture(knurling)

Instrument Shank function (and other charcteristics)

(rod shaped length between handle and working end)

increases insrument length so then working end can reach tooth/root corectly

• can be a visual cue for how instrument works(a./p., assesment/calculus, type of claculus, depth

• can be straight or bent

Functinal shank vs Lower terminal shank

functional = bend to working end, allows the working-end to be adapted to the tooth surface

Lower = the straight piece, the visual que, needs to be paraelle to tooth surface

Instrument working end function /characteristics(4)

instrument part that does the work

• Shaped or flattened on some surfaces

• May terminate in a sharp point or a rounded surface

• May be thin and wire-like or look like a tiny measuring stick

• Instrument may have one or two working ends

Insrument design characteristics

• single ended vs. double ended

• paired vs unpaired

Design name and Design name and nunber

How you identify the working end on an instrument

Working end identificartion

Instrument Balance

instument long axis goes directly through working end

Shank design and dedicated teeth

Simple= anterior teeth

Complex= posteriors teeth

Function of Simple Shank with short functinal length

supragingival use on anteriors

shank needed for subgingival anteriors

Simple shank with long functinal length

Complex shank with short functinal length needed for what

supragingival posteriors

complex shank with long functianl length needed for what

subgingival posteriors

Flexible shank uses

• Visual info

• Vibrations

• Tactile sensitivity

basically feel for calc

 works well to remove small and medium-sized calculus deposits(but cant remove big deposits)

Ridged Shank uses

• calcified deposit removal

• stain removal

basically remove calc

Working end geometry

Face and back

lateral surface( part between front and back)

Cutting edges, line angles that connect face and lateral

• Toe= Curet = semi circle shape

• Tip= sickle = triangle cross section

Draw instrumrnt classification diagream

Assesment instruments

Probe

explorer

Calculus removal instruments

Sickle, curet, periodontal files, chisels, hoes

What is the Modified Pen Grasp (1) and its benefits(3)

The recommended grasp for holding a periodontal instrument.

• Allows precise control of the working end

  • Permits a wide range of movement

  • Facilitates good tactile conduction

Describe Modified Pen Grasp.

Index finger and thumb hold the instrument handle

Middle finger rests on the instrument shank

Ring finger advances ahead of the other fingers to act as support for the hand and instrument

handle must rest between 2nd and 3rd knuckle

Fulcrum functions

• hand support by letting hand and instrument move as one

• control stroke pressure and length during instrumentation

Intraoral Fulcrum

• Pad of ring finger on tooth near the one being worked on

• Fulcrum may be in the same sextant/quadrant, cross arch or opposite arch.

Different types of fulcrums(5)

Front surface of dental mirror (4)

• most commonly used surface

• scratches easily

• reflecting surface

• clear image

The 4 uses of a dental mirror

• retraction

• indirect vision and illumination

• Transllumination- used to direct light through anterior teeth

The 2 mirror grasp

Modified pen grasp- retraction tongue and cheeks.

Palm Grasp- retracting the upper and lower lip for visualization of facial/labial surfaces