RNW 11 - Reading, Pre-reading, During-Reading Strategies, Connotation and Denotation

Reading

a cognitive process of decoding symbols to derive meaning from a text, and is always an interaction of the text and the individual

Previewing

looking at the reality visible parts of the text and its a process of taking a sneak peak of a text

Skimming

means to look for the main point of the reading and identify the ideas that develop it (400-700 wpm)

Scanning

means to look for specific information (600-1,000+ wpm)

Schemata

recalling background knowledge, seeing how the text fits what you already know

Content schemata

The background knowledge of a topic which a learner holds in his or her mind and which assists in the interpretation of a text

Formal schemata

prior knowledge of the structure and organization of different types of text genres, which assists readers and listeners in understanding and interpreting them

Linguistic schemata

includes knowledge of vocabulary, language and grammar, and idioms

Cultural schemata

pre-existing knowledge structures based on experience in general aspects of culture shared by sections of a cultural population

Context clues

words, phrases, and sentences that surround an unfamiliar that can help you recognize the meaning of an unknown word

Synonyms

words or phrases that are similar in meaning to the unknown word

Antonyms

reveals the opposite meaning in relation to the unknown word

Examples

are specific details in a text thare are used to clarify the meaning of a word

Explanations

may be given as clues to describe an unknown term when phrases like "because" or "that is" follow a word

Definitions

may follow an unfamiliar word which terms like "is," "means" "is defined as," and "refers to" are used

Situations

the meaning of a word may change depending on its context or how and where it is used

Denotation

is the basic, precise, literal meaning of the word that can be found in a dictionary

Connotation

is the positive, negative, or neutral feelings, attitudes, ideas, or associations with a word