5) DNA, Structure, Genetic Code
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39 Terms
What is the genetic material in cells called?
DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribosenucleic acid
What is DNA?
a molecule that contains information for an organism’s growth and functions
What is the molecule that contains information for an organism’s growth and functions?
DNA
In what does most of the cell’s DNA is located in the nucleus?
eukaryotic cells
Where does eukaryotic cells store most of the cell’s DNA?
the nucleus
What do eukaryotic cells store in the nucleus?
DNA
What does a DNA molecule consists of?
two strands of subunits called nucleotides
What consists of two strands of subunits called nucleotides?
a DNA molecule
What is a nucleotide?
a compound that contains a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
What is a compound that contains a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base?
a nucleotide
What is the sugar in DNA called?
deoxyribose
What is deoxyribose?
the sugar in DNA
DNA structure?
Nucleotides in the two DNA strands are linked together by chemical bonds, which forms a ladder-like structure that is twisted into a spiral shape, or helix
Nucleotides in the two the strands are linked together by chemical bonds, which forms a ladder-like structure that is twisted into a spiral shape, or helix, describes the structure of what?
DNA
The DNA in the cell nucleus is wrapped around proteins like what?
thread around a spool
What in DNA is like thread around a spool?
The DNA in the cell nucleus is wrapped around proteins
What is a chromosome?
The DNA-protein complex
What is the DNA-protein complex called?
a chromosome
What are homologs?
chromosomes that exists in pairs in plants and animals
What are chromosomes that exist in pairs in plants and animals?
homologs
Where does each chromosome in each homolog come from?
one chromosome from one parent and another chromosome from the other parent
What comes from one parent and another from another parent?
each chromosome in each homolog
What does each species have?
a characteristic number of chromosomes
What has a characteristic number of chromosomes?
each species
Humans have what characteristic number of chromosomes?
23 homologs or 46 chromosomes
What species has 23 homologs or 46 chromosomes?
humans
What species has 24 chromosomes or 48 homologs?
chimpanzees
Chimpanzees has what characteristic number of chromosomes?
24 chromosomes or 48 homologs
Rye/cereal grain has what characteristic number of chromosomes?
7 homologs, 14 chromosomes
What species has 7 homologs, 14 chromosomes?
rye/cereal grain
What is the genetic information in a cell stored as?
a code in DNA molecules
What is stored as a code in DNA molecules?
the genetic information in a cell
What is the code in DNA molecules determined by?
the sequence of the sets of three bases that codes for a particular amino acid
The sequence of sets of three bases that codes for a particular amino acid determines what?
the code in DNA molecules
What are the instructions for the cell to link amino acids in a particular order?
the arrangement of codes in a segment of DNA
The arrangement of codes in a segment of DNA are the what?
instructions for the cell to link amino acids in a particular order
What is needed for cell function?
linked amino acids that link together to form a protein
Linked amino acids that link together to form a protein is needed for what?
cell function