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Pearson's Correlation
A method to describe the connection between two numeric variables.
Correlation
Indicates the direction of a relationship but not its strength.
Linear Regression
A technique used to determine a target variable and create models for prediction.
Explanatory Variable
The variable (x) that is used to predict the response variable (y).
Slope of Regression
Represents the change in the response variable (y) for a one-unit increase in the explanatory variable (x).
Sampling Frame
A list or method used to define the population from which a sample is drawn.
Experimental Design
Involves random treatment assignment to establish causation.
Observational Study
May have confounding variables and does not involve random treatment assignment.
Cohort Study
A study design that is prospective and has one control group without the outcome.
Case-Control Study
A retrospective study design comparing subjects with and without an outcome.
Recall Bias
A type of bias that occurs when participants do not accurately remember past events.
Blinding
A method where the experimenter, participant, or statistician is unaware of the treatment assignment.
Random Treatment Assignment
Essential for making causal claims in experimental designs.
Measures of Center
Statistical measures that summarize a set of data, including mean, median, and mode.
Variance
A measure of variability that represents the average of the squared differences from the mean.
Resistant Measure of Variability
A measure that is not affected significantly by outliers in the data.
Five Number Summary
A summary that includes the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum of a dataset.
