Intro to Oral pathology Lab

Oral and maxillofacial pathology is the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with the _______, ________ ,______ affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions.(NIM)

1. Nature

2. Identification

3. Management of diseases

Oral and maxillofacial pathology is the science that investigates the _____,______,______ of these diseases(CPE)

1. Causes

2. Processes

3. Effects

Practice of maxillofacial pathology includes_________,________ of diseases using _______, _________,__________,_________ or other examination and management of patients

A.

1. Research

2. Diagnosis

B.

1.Clinical

2. Radiographic

3. Microscopic

4. Biochemical

Classification of oral diseases

• According to the tissue affected

• The different oral and maxillofacial diseases may affect different tissues which includes: (2)

1. hard tissues

2. soft tissues

Classification of oral diseases

• According to the tissue affected

1. hard tissues

2. soft tissues

Hard tissues (calcified) are these examples:

1. Teeth

2. Jaw Bones

3. Other bones in the maxillofacial region

Classification of soft tissue lesions:

1. Epithelial in origin

2. Mesenchymal in origin

Examples of soft tissues that are Epithelial in origin

Epithelial in origin

(ONG). Lesions originated from:

1.Odontogenic epithelium

2. Non-odontogenic epithelium

3. Granular epithelium

Examples of soft tissues that are Mesenchymal in Origin(hint:🦅)

(BBM FALCN) Lesions originated from:

1. Fibrous tissue

2. blood and lymphatic vessels

3. muscle

4. nerve

5. adipose tissue

6. bone

7. cartilage

What does the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases depend on?

Depends on the type of tissue affected

Disease affecting the hard tissue, the diagnosis depends mainly on:

• Clinical features which includes the age, gender, site, size and clinical effects. (AG SC)

• Radiographic features

• Microscopic features

How are soft tissue lesions mainly diagnosed?

• Clinical features

• Microscopic features

What clinical features are evaluated when diagnosing soft tissue lesions?(SMCS)

• Site

• Morphology

• Color

• Size

Types of lesion morphology in the diagnosis of soft tissue lesions?

• Elevated

• Depressed

• Flat

Above the plain of mucosa

Elevated

Below the plain of mucosa

Depressed

With the plain of mucosa detected by the change in COLOR

Flat

What are the two classifications of elevated lesions?

• Blister form (contains fluid)

• Non-blister form (does not contain fluid)

What characterizes blister-form elevated lesions?

Contains fluid

What are the three types of blister-form lesions?

• Vesicle

• Bulla

• Pustule

What is a vesicle?

luid-filled elevated lesion measuring less than 5 mm.

What is a bulla?

A fluid-filled elevated lesion measuring more than 5 mm.

What is a pustule?

An elevated lesion filled with pus.

What characterizes non-blister-form elevated lesions?

They do not contain fluid.

What are the three types of non-blister-form lesions?

• Papule

• Nodule

• Tumor

Size of Papule

less than 5mm

Size of nodule

More than 5mm but less than 2cm

Size of tumor

More than 2 cm

Example of non elevated lesion(flat)

Macule

Type of lesion that is flat with the plain of the mucosa

detected by the change in color

Macule

On a Depressed lesion most are?

Most are ulcers

Intra Bony Lesions

1. Inflammatory

2. Developmental

3. Tumor

Diagnostic Aids in Oral Pathology

1. Exfoliative cytology

2. Viral dyes

3. Tissue biopsy

The surgical removal of living tissue for microscopic examination.

tissue biopsy

Types of Oral Biopsy

Excisional

Incisional

Microscopic examination of biopsy or surgical specimen by pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides

Histopathology

The series of steps that prepares tissue for microscopic examination.

tissue processing

What is the first step in tissue processing?

Fixation

Solution is commonly used for fixation?

10% neutral buffered formalin(NBF)

Decalcification is used for this type of tissue

Hard tissue

Done to remove water from the tissue.

Dehydration

What chemical is used during dehydration?

Progressively increasing concentrations of ethanol

To remove alcohol from the tissue and prepare it for wax infiltration.

Clearing

Which chemical is commonly used for clearing?

Xylene

The process of filling the tissue with paraffin wax.

Infiltration

Wax used for infiltration

Paraffin wax

Placing the tissue into a block of paraffin wax to support it during sectioning.

embedding

Cutting very thin slices of tissue using a microtome.

sectioning

Steps during tissue processing(7) FDD CIES

Fixation

Decalcification

Dehydration

Clearing

Infiltration

Embedding

Sectioning