L2 LAWS AND REGULATION

A. Philippine Clean Water Act, RA 9275

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, RA 9003

Fisheries Code of the Philippines, RA 8550

Mining Act of 1995, RA 7942

Local Government Code, RA 7160

F. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM)

G. Policy and Governance

H. Education Awareness

I. International Cooperation

Laws and Regulations to Address Water Regulation and Protection of Water Resources

Philippine Clean Water Act, RA 9275

— aims to protect and restore the country’s water resources by preventing, controlling, and abating pollution in water bodies. It establishes water quality standards, regulates the discharge of pollutants, promotes wastewater treatment, and provides for

penalties for non-compliance.

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, RA 9003

— primarily focused on solid waste management. This law includes provision to prevent dumping and disposal of solid waste in water bodies which can contribute

to water pollution.

Fisheries Code of the Philippines, RA 8550

— is the regulation and conservation of fisheries and the prohibition of discharging toxic substances, chemicals, and other pollutants that may harm aquatic

ecosystems.

Mining Act of 1995, RA 7942

— governs the exploration, development, and utilization of m mineral resources in the Philippines. It includes provisions for environmental protection and rehabilitation to minimize the negative impacts of mining activities including water pollution.

Local Government Code, RA 7160

— grants local government units, LGUs, the power and responsibility to protect and manage water resources within their jurisdiction. Examples are enforcing water pollution control measures and implementing local ordinances to address specific water pollution issues.

Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM)

— is an inclusive and participatory approach that considers social, economic, and environmental aspects of water management. It involves coordination of stakeholders,

government agencies, communities, industries, and NGOs, to ensure

equitable and sustainable use of water resources.

Policy and Governance

— effective water management requires the development and implementation of sound policies, regulations, and institutional frameworks. This includes water allocation and pricing mechanisms, water quality standards, and the establishment of regulatory bodies responsible for monitoring and enforcement.

Education Awareness

— promoting public awareness and education about

the importance of water conservation, pollution prevention, and

sustainable water management practices can encourage behavioral

changes and community participation.

International Cooperation

— involves negotiation, agreements, and joint management efforts to address challenges and ensure equitable access to water resources among countries.

1. Water Conservation

2. Water Recycling and Reuse

3. Watershed Management

4. Rainwater Harvesting

5. Desalination

6. Industrial regulations

7. Hazardous Materials Management

8. Public Education and Awareness

9. Monitoring and Enforcement

Strategies of Water Management

The following are some strategies employed in water management:

Water Conservation

—  encouraging individuals, communities, industries, and agricultural sectors to adopt water-saving practices is important. This includes promoting efficient water use, repairing leaks, using water-saving technologies and implementing water efficient irrigation techniques.

Water Recycling and Reuse

— implementing wastewater treatment systems that enable the safe treatment and reuse of wastewater for non-potable purposes such as irrigation, industrial processes, and toilet flushing. This helps reduce the demand for freshwater resources.

Watershed Management

— involves activities such as land conservation, reforestation, erosion control, and the preservation of wetlands to promote natural water filtration and storage.

Rainwater Harvesting

— collecting and storing rainwater for various uses such as landscape irrigation and non-potable household purpose. This reduces dependence on freshwater sources and can be particularly beneficial in areas with limited water availability.

Desalination

— is employed to convert seawater into freshwater. Desalination technology is energy-intensive and costly, but it offers an alternative source of water in places where traditional sources are limited.

• erosion control, and the use of cover crops to prevent nutrient run-off and soil erosion.

Industrial regulations

— is the enforcement of regulations and standards to control water pollution in industrial activities. Industries are required to obtain permits and implement pollution control technologies to minimize the release of harmful substances into water bodies.

Hazardous Materials Management

 — is the proper handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous substances, to prevent accidental spills and contamination of water. Strict protocols are strictly implemented in

handling hazardous and toxic substances as well as safe disposal practices

are important aspects of water pollution control.

Public Education and Awareness

— is the promotion of responsible water use among the public as well as raising awareness about water pollution issues. Education campaigns help individuals understand the impacts of their actions on water quality.

Monitoring and Enforcement

- is the regular monitoring of water quality and compliance with regulations to identify sources of pollution and to take appropriate actions. Effective enforcement of laws and regulations encourage compliance.

Water pollution control

are measures and actions taken to prevent, minimize or mitigate the contamination and degradation of water resources. It involves various strategies, regulations, and practices aimed at reducing the release of pollutants into water bodies and ensuring the protection of water quality.

A. Source Control

B. Wastewater Treatment

C. Stormwater Management

D. Agricultural Best Practices

The following are the common methods employed for water pollution

control:

Source Control

— involves preventing pollution at its source by Implementing practices to reduce or eliminate the release of pollutants into bodies of water.

Wastewater Treatment

— is the removal of pollutants from domestic, industrial, and municipal wastewater before discharging into bodies of water. The different processes involved in the treatment of water contaminants are chemical, biological, and physical methods. This is to ensure compliance with water quality standards.

Stormwater Management

- is the management of stormwater run-offs to prevent contamination of bodies of water by pollutants like sediments, chemicals, and debris. The practice includes the use of retention ponds, green infrastructure, and erosion control measures to reduce run-off and filter out pollutants.

Agricultural Best Practices

— is the implementation of the best agricultural practices which can help minimize the impact of agricultural activities on water quality.

Examples of practices are proper nutrient management,