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Drive-reduction theory
The theory that motivation arises from biological needs that demand satisfaction, leading to a reduction in drive and restoring homeostasis.
Homeostasis
The body's tendency to maintain a balanced internal state, regulating factors like temperature and hunger.
Arousal Theory
The theory that motivation is driven by the desire to maintain an optimal level of arousal, which can vary between individuals.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
The principle that optimal performance is achieved at a moderate level of arousal, with performance decreasing at very low or very high levels of arousal.
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation refers to performing an activity for its inherent satisfaction, while extrinsic motivation involves engaging in a behavior to earn rewards or avoid punishments.
Incentive Theory
A behavioral theory that suggests people are motivated by a drive for incentives and reinforcement. The incentive theory also proposes that people behave in a way they believe will result in a reward and avoid actions that may entail punishment.
Sensation-seeking Theory
The need for varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences, and the willingness to take physical, social, legal, and financial risks for the sake of such experiences.
Thrill Seeking, Adventure Seeking, Disinhibition
Thrill-seekers aren’t motivated by danger. They’re driven to conquer new challenges and soak up every experience life has to offer—and they simply don’t let danger dissuade them.
Adventure seeking refers to a person’s desire to engage in physically risky activities such as risky sports and the enjoyment of frightening experiences.
Disinhibition is similar to impulsivity or a lack of self-control in that it represents a tendency to act without regard for consequences.
Optimal arousal theory
An individual's performance on a task will improve as their arousal level increases, but only up to a certain point.
Set point
Posits that individuals react to the experience of major life events, but quickly adapt back to pre-event baseline levels of subjective well-being in the years following the event.
Metabolism/metabolic rate
Refers to the amount of energy your body needs to maintain homeostasis.
