Pelvic limb arthrology and synovial structures

Transverse acetabular

Round ligament of head of the femur

Accessory ligament of the hip

What are the ligaments of the coxofemoral joint

Completes the margin of the acetabulum

What is the transverse acetabular ligament

Transverse acetabular ligament

Structure that completes the margin of the acetabulum

Round ligament of head of the femur

Cranial structure that attaches the pelvis to the fovea capitis

Attaches the pelvic to the fovea capitis

What is the round ligament of the head of the femur

Continuation of the prepubic tendon (which serves as insertion for rectus abdominis muscle)

What is the accessory ligament of the hip

Accessory ligament of the hip

Continuation of the prepubic tendon

Femoropatellar joint

Medial femorotibial joint

Lateral femorotibial joint

What are the components of the stifle joint

Medial meniscus

Lateral meniscus

Synovial fluid

What are the intra-articular components of the stifle joint

Common fibrous capsule that encloses entire area and all joints

Individual synovial compartments around each smaller joint

What are the components of a compound joint capsule

Femoropatellar

Medial femorotibial

Lateral femorotibial

What are the synovial compartments of the stifle joint

Femoropatellar and medial femorotibial compartments always have natural communication- free exchange of synovial fluid

Femoropatellar and lateral femorotibial compartments communicate 25% of the time

Medial and lateral femorotibial compartments never communicate

What is the communication between the different synovial compartments of the stifle joint

3

How many patellar ligaments do horses have

Medial patellar ligament

Intermediate patellar ligament

Lateral patellar ligament

What are the equine patellar ligaments

Patella and parapatellar fibrocartilage

Medial patellar ligament

Intermediate patellar ligament

Medial trochlear ridge with its tubercle (medial ridge larger than lateral)

What are the components of the patellar loop

The horse pulls the patella proximally so that it slides over the tubercle on the medial trochlear ridge and locks the stifle joint in place

What is the patellar locking mechanism

Upward fixation

The condition where the patella gets stuck in a locked position is called...

The patella gets stuck in a locked position

What is upward fixation

Medial patellar desmotomy

(Cut the ligament and break the patellar loop)

What is the treatment for an upward fixation

Inflammation of the stifle joint

(Also causes enlargement of the lateral iliac lymph nodes)

What is gonitis

Gonitis

Inflammation of the stifle joint

Space between the central, III, and IV tarsal bones that allows for passage of the perforating tarsal artery

What is the tarsal canal

Tarsal canal

Space between the central, III, and IV tarsal bones that allows for passage of the perforating tarsal artery

Tarsal groove

The scooped out area on the caudal aspect of the calcaneus

The scooped out area on the caudal aspect of the calcaneus

What is the tarsal groove

From the tuber calcanei to the talus

Where is the flexor retinaculum located

Tarsal groove and flexor retinaculum

What 2 structures in the tarsus form the flexor canal

Flexor canal

The tarsal groove and flexor retinaculum form...

Tarsocrural joint/compartment

Proximal intertarsal joint/compartment

Distal intertarsal joint/compartment

Tarsometatarsal joint/compartment

What are the individual joint/synovial compartment components of the tarsus

Tarsocrural joint

What specific joint of the tarsus provides the greatest movement

Tarsocrural and proximal intertarsal communicate 100% of the time

Distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal communicate ~38% of the time

What is the communication between the different synovial compartments of the tarsus

Areas where synovial membrane can bulge out between tendons due to inflammation of the joint capsule

What is a synovial joint pouch

Dorsal

Medioplantar

Lateroplantar

What are the synovial joint pouches of the equine pelvic limb

Subtendinous bursa

Subcutaneous bursa

Cunean bursa

What are the synovial bursae of the equine pelvic limb

Bursa located between the point of the hock and the SDF tendon

Always present

What is the subtendinous bursa

Subtendinous bursa

Bursa located between the point of the hock and the SDF tendon

Inconstant bursa that develops as a result of trauma- capped hock

Inflammation at the point of the hock causes formation of bursa between the skin and SDF tendon

What is the subcutaneous bursa

Subcutaneous bursa

Inconstant bursa between the skin and SDF tendon that develops as a result of trauma at the point of the hock

Cushion for the cunean tendon (Jack cord)- the medial tendon of insertion from the cranial tibial muscle

What is the cunean bursa

Cunean bursa

Cushion for the cunean tendon

Medial tendon of insertion from the cranial tibial muscle

What is the cunean tendon