IB Chemistry Paper 2 SL - Mistakes I've Made

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39 Terms

1
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Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure for the nitrate anion.

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2
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always include state symbols

3
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<p>what equation other than moles/mr would you use here to find the answer</p>

what equation other than moles/mr would you use here to find the answer

n=cv

4
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Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure and shape for dinitrogen monoxide showing nitrogen as the central atom.

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5
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State the ground-state electron configuration for copper.

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6
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<p>State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe2+ </p>

State the ground-state electron configuration for Fe2+

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7
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Explain, with reference to Le ChĆ¢telierā€™s principle, the effect of using dilute rather than concentrated sulfuric acid as the catalyst on the yield of the reaction.

dilute adds Ā«excessĀ»

water OR water is a product āœ”

shift left AND decreases yield

8
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<p>Explain, with reference to intermolecular forces, why B is more volatile than A</p><p><strong>B = C3H5O</strong></p>

Explain, with reference to intermolecular forces, why B is more volatile than A

B = C3H5O

A has hydrogen bonding/bonds AND B does not āœ”

hydrogen bonding/bonds stronger Ā«than dipole-dipoleĀ»

9
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term image

brown/orange/red/yellow to colourless āœ”

10
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Write an equation that shows how sulfur dioxide can produce acid rain.

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11
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<p>Suggest two variables, other than concentration, that should be controlled when comparing relative rates at different temperatures.</p>

Suggest two variables, other than concentration, that should be controlled when comparing relative rates at different temperatures.

Any two of: depth/volume Ā«of solutionĀ» āœ” colour/darkness/thickness/size/background of mark āœ” intensity of lighting in the lab āœ”

12
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Discuss two different ways to reduce the environmental impact of energy production from coal.

add lime during combustion āœ”

not allow sulfur oxides to be released into the environment āœ”

reduce proportion/percentage of energy/power produced by Ā«the combustion ofĀ» coal āœ”

13
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What is the electronic configuration of chromium?

[Ar] 3dāµ 4sĀ¹

14
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What is the electronic configuration of copper

[Ar] 3dĀ¹ā° 4sĀ¹

15
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Compare and contrast the combustion of an s-block metal and a p-block non-metal.

  1. both are oxidation reactions āœ“

  2. s-block metals produce ionic oxides AND p-block non-metals produce covalent oxidesāœ“

16
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Suggest why water was chosen to extract ascorbic acid from the spinach leaves with reference to its structure.

Ā«ascorbic acidĀ» has multiple āˆ’OH/hydroxyl groups āœ”

can H-bond with water āœ”

17
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Suggest a reason why the volume of hydrogen gas collected was smaller than predicted.

gas leaked/ignited āœ”

18
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Describe two observations that indicate the reaction of lithium with water is exothermic

temperature of the water increases āœ” lithium melts āœ” pop sound is heard āœ”

19
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Explain why the first ionization energy of calcium is greater than that of potassium

increasing number of protons/nuclear charge/Zeff āœ”

similar shielding Ā«by inner electronsĀ» āœ”

20
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Define first ionisation energy

The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of the most loosely held electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce 1 mole of gaseous ions each with a charge of 1+

21
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<p>All models have limitations. Suggest two limitations to this model of the electron energy levels</p>

All models have limitations. Suggest two limitations to this model of the electron energy levels

does not represent sub-levels/orbitals āœ”

only applies to atoms with one electron/hydrogen āœ”

does not take into account the interactions between atoms/molecules/external fields āœ”

does not consider the number of electrons the energy level can fit āœ”

22
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<p>Draw an arrow, labelled X, to represent the electron transition for the ionization of a hydrogen atom in the ground state.</p>

Draw an arrow, labelled X, to represent the electron transition for the ionization of a hydrogen atom in the ground state.

upward arrow X AND starting at n = 1 extending to n = āˆž āœ”

<p>upward arrow X AND starting at n = 1 extending to n = āˆž <span data-name="check_mark" data-type="emoji">āœ”</span></p>
23
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<p>Draw an arrow, labelled Z, to represent the lowest energy electron transition in the visible spectrum</p>

Draw an arrow, labelled Z, to represent the lowest energy electron transition in the visible spectrum

downward or upward arrow between n = 3 and n = 2 āœ”

<p>downward or upward arrow between n = 3 and n = 2 <span data-name="check_mark" data-type="emoji">āœ”</span></p>
24
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State the meaning of a strong BrĆønstedā€“Lowry acid.

fully ionizes/dissociates āœ” proton/H+ Ā«donor Ā»āœ”

25
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C60 and diamond are allotropes of carbon. (i) Outline one difference between the bonding of carbon atoms in C60 and diamond.

C60 fullerene: Ā«each carbon isĀ» bonded to 3 C AND diamond: bonded to 4 C

26
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Explain why C60 and diamond sublime at different temperatures and pressures.

diamond giant/network covalent AND sublimes at higher temperature āœ” C60 molecular/London/dispersion/intermolecular Ā«forcesĀ» āœ”

27
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State two features showing that propane and butane are members of the same homologous series.

C4H8 (g) + HBr (g) ā†’ C4H9Br (l)

28
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<p>what equation would you use for this</p>

what equation would you use for this

Ā«Ī”H = bond breaking ā€“ bond forming = 656 kJ ā€“ 755 kJĀ» = ā€“99 Ā«kJĀ» āœ”

29
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what is the lewis diagram for oxygen, O2

what does this make the average bond enthalpy

498 kJ molāˆ’1

<p>498 kJ molāˆ’1</p>
30
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what is the lewis diagram for carbon dioxide

what does this make the average bond enthalpy

804 kJ molāˆ’1

<p>804 kJ molāˆ’1</p>
31
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The data booklet value for enthalpy of combustino of methanol is -726 kJ mol ^ -1

Suggest why this differs from values calculated in part a/b

bond enthalpies are averages

32
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Give examples of weak acids accoording to bronsted lowry theory

Hydrogen Sulfide (Hā‚‚S)

Carbonic Acid (Hā‚‚COā‚ƒ)

Phosphoric Acid (Hā‚ƒPOā‚„)

33
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Give examples of strong acids accoording to bronsted lowry theory

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

Nitric Acid (HNOā‚ƒ)

Sulfuric Acid (Hā‚‚SOā‚„)

Hydrobromic Acid (HBr)

34
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Give examples of weak bases accoording to bronsted lowry theory

Ammonia (NHā‚ƒ)

Aluminium hydroxide( Al(OH)3)

Lead hydroxide (Pb(OH)2)

35
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Give examples of strong bases accoording to bronsted lowry theory

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)

Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH)

36
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Explain the differences in boiling point in butane, propanal and propan - 1 - ol

Butane has the lowest boiling point due to its nonpolar nature and weak London dispersion forces.

While propanal has a higher boiling point due to the presence of polar dipole-dipole interactions.

Propan-1-ol has the highest boiling point among the three due to the additional formation of strong hydrogen bonds between its molecules.

37
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State the half equations occuring at the cathode in a hydrogen oxygen fuel cell in an alkaline medium

Oā‚‚ā€‹ + 2Hā‚‚ā€‹O + 4eā» ā†’ 4OHā»

38
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State the half equations occuring at the anode in a hydrogen oxygen fuel cell in an alkaline medium

2Hā‚‚ā€‹ + 4OHā» ā†’ 4Hā‚‚O + 4eā»

39
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Draw and label an energy level diagram for the hydrogen atom

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