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Kohlberg's Cognitive Developmental Theory
Children actively construct knowledge about gender through observation and interaction, progressing through stages of gender identity, stability, and constancy.
Gender Identity
The initial stage (2-3 years) where children categorize themselves and others as boy or girl without believing gender is permanent.
Gender Stability
The stage (3-4 years) where children understand that gender remains stable over time but may be confused by non-typical appearances.
Gender Constancy
The stage (5-6 years) where children grasp that gender is consistent across situations and start recognizing gender roles.
Gender Role Stereotypes
Stereotypical beliefs about gender roles that emerge early, even before achieving gender constancy.
Gender Typed Behaviors
Observable preferences and behaviors associated with gender, such as toy preferences and peer interactions.
Social Cognitive Theory
Explains gender development as a result of social experiences, cognitive processes, motivation, and behavior.
Gender Schema Theory
Children's mental representations of gender that filter information and motivate behavior, developing early in life.
Biological Approaches
Examination of how physical development differences related to sex influence gender development, including the impact of prenatal hormone exposure.
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