Gender Development

Kohlberg's Cognitive Developmental Theory

Children actively construct knowledge about gender through observation and interaction, progressing through stages of gender identity, stability, and constancy.

Gender Identity

The initial stage (2-3 years) where children categorize themselves and others as boy or girl without believing gender is permanent.

Gender Stability

The stage (3-4 years) where children understand that gender remains stable over time but may be confused by non-typical appearances.

Gender Constancy

The stage (5-6 years) where children grasp that gender is consistent across situations and start recognizing gender roles.

Gender Role Stereotypes

Stereotypical beliefs about gender roles that emerge early, even before achieving gender constancy.

Gender Typed Behaviors

Observable preferences and behaviors associated with gender, such as toy preferences and peer interactions.

Social Cognitive Theory

Explains gender development as a result of social experiences, cognitive processes, motivation, and behavior.

Gender Schema Theory

Children's mental representations of gender that filter information and motivate behavior, developing early in life.

Biological Approaches

Examination of how physical development differences related to sex influence gender development, including the impact of prenatal hormone exposure.