Fluid Electrolyte Acid Base

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from the Fluid Electrolyte Acid Base module.

Functions of Water

Includes temperature regulation, cell structure and function, nutrient absorption, waste removal, blood volume and pressure, and serving as a universal solvent.

Electrolytes

Minerals dissociated from a salt, carrying a charge, such as Na+ and Cl-.

Osmosis

The movement of water from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential.

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Fluid enclosed inside cells, making up about 60% of total body water.

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

All fluid outside of cells, predominantly including interstitial fluid and plasma.

Hydrostatic Pressure

The force exerted by a fluid against a wall, essential for movement of water in capillaries.

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

A component of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, promoting fluid retention.

Isotonic

A state where ECF and ICF are in balance, with equal osmotic pressure.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

A hormone that regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in the body despite changes in external environments.

Acidosis

A condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body or a loss of base, leading to a lower blood pH.

Buffer System

A chemical system that resists changes in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions.

Respiratory Acidosis

A condition caused by hypoventilation, leading to the accumulation of carbon dioxide.

Metabolic Alkalosis

A condition characterized by an excess of bicarbonate in the body or loss of acid.

Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS)

Hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.

Osmolality

The ratio of solutes to solvent in a solution, crucial for maintaining fluid balance.

Diuretic

A substance that increases urine production, often used in managing blood pressure.

Hypernatremia

An elevated level of sodium in the blood, usually causing fluid shifts.

Hyponatremia

A condition where sodium levels are too low in the bloodstream, often leading to cellular swelling.

Cation

A positively charged ion, such as sodium (Na+) or potassium (K+).

Anion

A negatively charged ion, such as chloride (Cl-) or bicarbonate (HCO3-).