U3 - Synthesis Reactions

alcohol to alkoxide

redox/displacement

alcohol to alkene

dehydration/elimination

alkene to dihaloalkane

addition

alkene to monohaloalkane

addition

monohaloalkane to ether

nucleophilic substitution

alcohol to ester

condensation/esterification

alcohol to ketone/aldehyde

oxidation

ketone/aldehyde to alcohol

reduction

monohaloalkane to alcohol

nucleophilic substitution

monohaloalkane to nitrile

nucleophilic substitution

nitrile to carboxylic acid

acid hydrolysis

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

oxidation

Na/K

reagent for redox/displacement from alcohol to alkoxide

Al2O3 / concentrated sulfuric acid

reagents used for dehydration/elimination of alcohols to alkenes

Cl2

used to be added to alkenes to form dihaloalkanes

HBr

used to be added to alkenes to form monoalkanes

KO+CH3 in methanol

reagent used for the nucleophilic substitution of monohaloalkanes to ethers

concentrated sulfuric acid

used as a reagent for the condensation/esterification of alcohols to esters

K2Cr2O4/H+

reagent used to oxidise alcohols to ketones/aldehydes.

LiAlH4

agent used for the reduction of ketones/aldehydes to alcohols

KOH/NaOH in ethanol under reflux

reagent used for the nucleophilic substitution of monohaloalkanes to alcohol

KCN/ NaCN in ethanol

reagent used for the nucleophilic substitution of monohaloalkanes to form nitriles.

H2O/H+

used for the acid hydrolysis of nitriles to form carboxylic acids

K2Cr2O7 - 2

reagent used to oxidise aldehydes to carboxylic acids