Clinical Exam Flashcards

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Flashcards covering key terms and concepts for the Clinical Exam. Focuses on therapeutic approaches and related principles.

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194 Terms

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Classical Conditioning

Learning by association with four components: unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR).

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Congruence

Consistency between a person’s real self and ideal self; a congruent therapist is authentic and transparent.

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Incongruence

A mismatch between real self and ideal self, leading to anxiety, low self-esteem, and defensiveness.

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Client-Therapist Relationship

Central components include empathy, trust, boundaries, and collaboration.

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Here’s a **Knowt-style study set** organized with clear terms and definitions based on your final clinical exam review. You can copy-paste these directly into Knowt or another flashcard tool for easy studying:
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### **Behavioral Therapy**
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**Main Players**
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* **B.F. Skinner**: Developed operant conditioning; focused on reinforcement/punishment.
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* **John B. Watson**: Founder of behaviorism; focused only on observable behavior.
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* **Edward Thorndike**: Law of effect; behavior is shaped by consequences.
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**Main Ideas**
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* Behavior is learned, not innate.
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* Focus is on observable behavior.
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* Behavior shaped by environmental contingencies (stimulus-response).
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**Main Interventions**
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* **Classical Conditioning**: Learning by association; exposure therapy stems from this.
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* **Operant Conditioning**: Learning via consequences; uses reinforcement and punishment.
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* **Systematic Desensitization**: Combines exposure + relaxation; for phobias/anxiety.
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* **Token Economy**: Symbolic rewards used to reinforce behavior.
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### **Humanistic Therapy**
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**Main Players**
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* **Carl Rogers**: Client-centered therapy.
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* **Abraham Maslow**: Hierarchy of needs; self-actualization.
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**Main Ideas**
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* People are inherently good; goal = personal growth.
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* Emphasizes free will and self-awareness.
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* Problems arise from incongruence between real and ideal self.
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**Main Intervention**
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* **Client-Centered Therapy**: Uses unconditional positive regard, empathy, and congruence. Focuses on present, not past.
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### **Psychodynamic Therapy**
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**Main Players**
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* **Sigmund Freud**: Unconscious conflict, psychosexual stages.
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* **Carl Jung**: Collective unconscious, archetypes.
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* **Alfred Adler**: Inferiority complex, social context.
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**Main Ideas**
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* Behavior influenced by unconscious motives + childhood experiences.
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* Symptoms come from unresolved internal conflict.
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* Uses defense mechanisms like repression and denial.
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**Main Interventions**
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* **Free Association**
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* **Dream Analysis**
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* **Transference/Countertransference**
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* **Insight-Oriented Therapy**: Long-term exploration of inner conflicts.
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### **Group/Family Therapy**
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**Main Player**
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* **Irvin Yalom**: Identified 11 therapeutic factors in group therapy.
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**Main Ideas**
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* Group = microcosm of real life; mirrors interpersonal dynamics.
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* Healing through shared experiences, feedback, social learning.
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**Yalom’s 11 Therapeutic Factors**
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* Hope, Universality, Imparting Information, Altruism,
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Corrective Family Recap, Social Techniques, Imitative Behavior,
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Interpersonal Learning, Cohesiveness, Catharsis, Existential Factors.
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**Main Interventions**
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* Facilitated discussions, feedback.
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* Emphasis on present (“here and now”).
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### **Mindfulness-Based Therapy**
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**Main Players**