Explain the protestant reformation and counter-reformation

What did the protestant reformation begin as?

a movement devoted to returning to the sources of biblical scriptures

Why did church believe returning to sources was dangerous?

feared that challenges to its authority would arise if laypersons could read scripture as they pleased

How did Martin Luther initiate the movement?

used knowledge of bible to criticize church ideas and practices

What was faith?

something that Christians could obtain from the Bible, rather than having a priest tell them, they can speak directly to God

What did Martin Luther react against?

corrupt church practices

Counter-reformation

movement to counter spread of Reformation, initiated by the Catholic Church at the Council of Trent

What did Catholic leaders do?

reformed Church doctrines as well as enacted reforms

What did they attack?

clerical corruption and they emphasized individual spirituality

How did reformed Catholics carry their messages?

overseas especially through order called the Jesuits, dedicated to reviving the Catholic Church

What did the Vatican continue?

repression and persecution to combat beliefs regarded as heretical