Functional Groups

formulas definitions and functions of macromolecules

Methyl

CH₃

Carbonyl

CO

Carboxyl

COOH

Hydroxyl

OH

Amino

NH₃

Sulfhydryl

SH

Phosphate

PO₄

methyl

only non polar and hydrophobic group

acidic

pH of carboxyl

basic

pH of amine

Hydroxyl

ends in -ol (also called alcohol)

carbonyl

called ketone or aldehyde when at end of carbon chain

carbonyl

found in sugars

carboxalate ion

ionized form of carboxyl (how it is most commonly found in cells)

amine and carboxyl

these two groups make up amino acids

sulfhydryl

also called Thiol

sulfhydryl

can bond with itself causing a disulfide bridge

Phosphate

can react with water to create energy

methyl

addition of this group to hormones, affects shape and function

methyl

functional groups found most often in lipids

amine and carboxyl

functional groups found most often in proteins

carbonyl

functional group most common in carbohydrates

phosphate

functional group most common in nucleic acids