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Ventricles
4 cavities within the brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Fluid that circulates through the cavities in the subarachnoid space of the brain
Gray Matter
Portion of the brain that contains cell bodies of neurons and unmyelinated fibers
White Matter
Portion of the brain that contains myelinated fibers
Concussion
The transient (temporary) loss of consciousness due to trauma
Contusion
Bruising of the brain
Fracture
Term for a broken bone
Laceration
Term for tearing of brain tissue
Epidural Hemorrhage
Term for a brain hemorrhage that occurs between the cranial bones and the outer layer of the meninges
Subdural Hemorrhage
Term for a brain hemorrhage between the outer layer (dura mater) and middle layer (arachnoid mater) of the meninges
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Term for a brain hemorrhage between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater; most likely to cause blood in the cerebrospinal fluid
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
Meningitis
Viral or bacterial infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord; Caused by a virus or bacteria. (Most common pathogens that cause meningitis - Streptococcus pneumonia, Hemophilus Influenza, Neisseria Meningitidis)
Neisseria
The genus of the meningococcus
Polio
A viral infection that can destroy motor neurons causing paralysis
Myelitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord
Neuritis
Term for inflammation of the nerves
Rabies
A fatal viral infection of the brain, transmitted in the saliva of an infected animal
CVA (Stroke)
The term for a reduction in blood flow to the brain that may cause paralysis
TIA
A temporary blockage of circulation to the brain causing dizziness, fuzzy vision or loss of sensation
Hydrocephalus
The accumulation of excess cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in or around the brain due to blocked circulation
Epilepsy
Term for seizures due to abnormal firing of neurons in the brain
Petite Mal
Type of epilepsy characterized by a loss of consciousness
Grand Mal
Seizures that involve loss of consciousness, convulsions, and loss of bladder control
Multiple sclerosis
A disease characterized by the loss of the insulating layer around the neurons and replacement with sclerotic plaques (ex. of an autoimmune disease)
Parkinson’s Disease
The degenerative disease caused by a lack of dopamine; characterized by tremors of the hands, stooped posture, and shuffling gait
Cerebral Palsy
A disease is characterized by damage to the brain around the time of birth that is not progressive
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
A disease is characterized by deterioration of skeletal muscles that results in paralysis
Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD)
A fatal degenerative disease caused by a prion
Alzheimer’s Disease
A fatal progressive disease that produces tangled fibers in the brain resulting in progressive loss of memory and dementia
Epididymis
The small, coiled tube at the posterior testis that stores sperm; inflammation of a coiled tube at the back of testicles that store and carries sperm
Orchitis
The term for inflammation of the testes
Syphilis
A disease is caused flexible spiral shaped bacteria; disease is caused by a spirochete that progresses through 3 stages
Primary Stage
The stage of syphilis that is characterized by a sore called an ulcer (chancre) on the genitalia
Secondary Stage
A stage of syphilis is characterized by fever, rash, and mucous patches (ulcers) in the mouth and on mucous membranes
Tertiary Stage
A stage of syphilis is characterized by gummas that may damage the cardiovascular system (CVS)
Neurosyphilis
Type of syphilis may damage the brain causing retardation and paralysis
CVS Syphilis
Type of syphilis may cause aneurysms and aortic valve insufficiency
NGU (Nonspecific Urethritis)
STD caused by chlamydia
Genital Herpes
The sexually transmitted disease that is characterized by blister-like lesions on the genitalia
AIDS
The STD that weakens the immune system
Hydrocele
The term for excess fluid in the scrotum
Cryptorchidism
The failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum
Hernia
The protrusion of the intestine through the inguinal ring into the scrotum
Oophoritis
The term for inflammation of the ovaries
Salpingitis
The term for inflammation of the fallopian tubes
Endocervitis
Inflammation of the cervix
Endometritis
Inflammation of the endometrium
Vaginitis
Inflammation is usually caused by Candida Albicans
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder (NOT an STD) least likely to be caused by an STD
PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)
The STD that spreads through the female tract (may result in scar tissue causing infertility or tubal pregnancy
Gonorrhea
A disease most likely to result in PID
Mastitis
The term for inflammation of the breast
May Require a C-section
An active case of genital herpes during pregnancy
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
Causes genital warts
Ectopic Pregnancy
Term for when an embryo implants outside the uterus
Tubal Pregnancy
Term for when an embryo implants in the fallopian tube (can be fatal)
Eclampsia
A life-threatening condition developing during the last (3rd) trimester of pregnancy
Endometriosis
The term when endometrial tissue implants and grows outside the uterus
Teratoma (Dermoid Cyst)
The term for a tumor present at birth that contains hair, and a greasy substance that may form in the uterus, ovaries, or other areas; usually benign
Cervical Cancer
May be caused by HPV (genital warts)
Breast Cancer
A cancer that tends to metastasize, and a mastectomy is usually recommended
Fibroid Tumors (Leiomyomas)
Benign tumors of the smooth muscle of the uterus (develop in the myometrium)
Sprain
A stretch or tear in a ligament
Strain
A stretch or tear in a tendon
Dislocation
A displacement of bones from their normal position at the joint
Subluxation
The term for an incomplete or partial displacement
Osteitis
The term for inflammation of a bone
Osteomyelitis
The term for an inflammation of the bone involving the bone marrow due to a bacterial infection
Osteoporosis
The loss of bone density due to aging
Arthritis
Inflammation of the joints
Osteoarthritis
The most common type of arthritis that results from wearing away of the articular cartilage due to aging
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Arthritis that is due to an autoimmune response
Gout
The term for joint inflammation due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals
Bursitis
The term for inflammation of the bursae, most commonly in the shoulder
Rickets
The term for soft bones in children due to a loss of calcium salts as a result of vitamin D deficiency
Osteomalacia
The term for soft bones in adults due to a Vitamin D deficiency
Compound Fracture
The term for a broken bone that protrudes through the skin
Comminuted Fracture
The term for a bone that is crushed or splintered into pieces
Greenstick Fracture
The term for a bone that bends on one side and breaks on the opposite side
Complete Fracture
The term when a fracture line extends all the way across the bone producing 2 pieces
Scoliosis
The term for an abnormal lateral spinal curvature
Lordosis
The term for an exaggerated lumbar (anterior) curvature of the spine
Kyphosis
The term for an exaggerated thoracic posterior curvature
Achondroplasia (Cartilage Defect)
A genetic disorder in which the conversion of cartilage to bone does not occur
Dwarfism
Results from Achondroplasia (a cartilage defect)
Multiple Sclerosis
A disease where there is a progressive deterioration of skeletal muscles with a loss of function
Osteities Deformans (Paget’s Disease)
Disease results from abnormal bone remodeling
Osteosarcoma
A primary malignant tumor of the bone
Acne
Inflammation of sebaceous glands related to excess secretion of sebum
Abscess
A localized accumulation of pus caused by a Staph infection
Boil (Furuncle)
An abscess located in the deep layers of the skin such as a hair follicle
Eczema
Inflammation of the skin involving redness, vesicles, scales, and itching; may be chronic causing thickening of the skin and hyperpigmentation
Contact Dermatitis
An allergic reaction to an antigen to which one has been previously sensitized; a cell-mediated immune response to agents such as metals or poison ivy
Urticaria (Hives)
An allergic reaction; an allergic response to drugs, food, systemic disease, heat or cold
Folliculitis
An infection of the hair follicles (Staph infection with pustules)
Carbuncle
The term for two or more communicating boils (furuncles)
Ulcers from the 2nd stage of syphilis
Mucous patches in the mouth and reddish or copper colored rash
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Results from overactive sebaceous gland
Dandruff (Seborrhea)
Due to excessive secretion of sebum; red itchy patches of flaky scales