General and Special Pathology Unit 4

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/113

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

114 Terms

1
New cards

Ventricles

4 cavities within the brain

2
New cards

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Fluid that circulates through the cavities in the subarachnoid space of the brain

3
New cards

Gray Matter

Portion of the brain that contains cell bodies of neurons and unmyelinated fibers

4
New cards

White Matter

Portion of the brain that contains myelinated fibers

5
New cards

Concussion

The transient (temporary) loss of consciousness due to trauma

6
New cards

Contusion

Bruising of the brain

7
New cards

Fracture

Term for a broken bone

8
New cards

Laceration

Term for tearing of brain tissue

9
New cards

Epidural Hemorrhage

Term for a brain hemorrhage that occurs between the cranial bones and the outer layer of the meninges

10
New cards

Subdural Hemorrhage

Term for a brain hemorrhage between the outer layer (dura mater) and middle layer (arachnoid mater) of the meninges

11
New cards

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Term for a brain hemorrhage between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater; most likely to cause blood in the cerebrospinal fluid

12
New cards

Encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain

13
New cards

Meningitis

Viral or bacterial infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord; Caused by a virus or bacteria. (Most common pathogens that cause meningitis - Streptococcus pneumonia, Hemophilus Influenza, Neisseria Meningitidis)

14
New cards

Neisseria

The genus of the meningococcus

15
New cards

Polio

A viral infection that can destroy motor neurons causing paralysis

16
New cards

Myelitis

Inflammation of the spinal cord

17
New cards

Neuritis

Term for inflammation of the nerves

18
New cards

Rabies

A fatal viral infection of the brain, transmitted in the saliva of an infected animal

19
New cards

CVA (Stroke)

The term for a reduction in blood flow to the brain that may cause paralysis

20
New cards

TIA

A temporary blockage of circulation to the brain causing dizziness, fuzzy vision or loss of sensation

21
New cards

Hydrocephalus

The accumulation of excess cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in or around the brain due to blocked circulation

22
New cards

Epilepsy

Term for seizures due to abnormal firing of neurons in the brain

23
New cards

Petite Mal

Type of epilepsy characterized by a loss of consciousness

24
New cards

Grand Mal

Seizures that involve loss of consciousness, convulsions, and loss of bladder control

25
New cards

Multiple sclerosis

A disease characterized by the loss of the insulating layer around the neurons and replacement with sclerotic plaques (ex. of an autoimmune disease)

26
New cards

Parkinson’s Disease

The degenerative disease caused by a lack of dopamine; characterized by tremors of the hands, stooped posture, and shuffling gait

27
New cards

Cerebral Palsy

A disease is characterized by damage to the brain around the time of birth that is not progressive

28
New cards

Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

A disease is characterized by deterioration of skeletal muscles that results in paralysis

29
New cards

Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD)

A fatal degenerative disease caused by a prion

30
New cards

Alzheimer’s Disease

A fatal progressive disease that produces tangled fibers in the brain resulting in progressive loss of memory and dementia

31
New cards

Epididymis

The small, coiled tube at the posterior testis that stores sperm; inflammation of a coiled tube at the back of testicles that store and carries sperm

32
New cards

Orchitis

The term for inflammation of the testes

33
New cards

Syphilis

A disease is caused flexible spiral shaped bacteria; disease is caused by a spirochete that progresses through 3 stages

34
New cards

Primary Stage

The stage of syphilis that is characterized by a sore called an ulcer (chancre) on the genitalia

35
New cards

Secondary Stage

A stage of syphilis is characterized by fever, rash, and mucous patches (ulcers) in the mouth and on mucous membranes

36
New cards

Tertiary Stage

A stage of syphilis is characterized by gummas that may damage the cardiovascular system (CVS)

37
New cards

Neurosyphilis

Type of syphilis may damage the brain causing retardation and paralysis

38
New cards

CVS Syphilis

Type of syphilis may cause aneurysms and aortic valve insufficiency

39
New cards

NGU (Nonspecific Urethritis)

STD caused by chlamydia

40
New cards

Genital Herpes

The sexually transmitted disease that is characterized by blister-like lesions on the genitalia

41
New cards

AIDS

The STD that weakens the immune system

42
New cards

Hydrocele

The term for excess fluid in the scrotum

43
New cards

Cryptorchidism

The failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum

44
New cards

Hernia

The protrusion of the intestine through the inguinal ring into the scrotum

45
New cards

Oophoritis

The term for inflammation of the ovaries

46
New cards

Salpingitis

The term for inflammation of the fallopian tubes

47
New cards

Endocervitis

Inflammation of the cervix

48
New cards

Endometritis

Inflammation of the endometrium

49
New cards

Vaginitis

Inflammation is usually caused by Candida Albicans

50
New cards

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder (NOT an STD) least likely to be caused by an STD

51
New cards

PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

The STD that spreads through the female tract (may result in scar tissue causing infertility or tubal pregnancy

52
New cards

Gonorrhea

A disease most likely to result in PID

53
New cards

Mastitis

The term for inflammation of the breast

54
New cards

May Require a C-section

An active case of genital herpes during pregnancy

55
New cards

HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

Causes genital warts

56
New cards

Ectopic Pregnancy

Term for when an embryo implants outside the uterus

57
New cards

Tubal Pregnancy

Term for when an embryo implants in the fallopian tube (can be fatal)

58
New cards

Eclampsia

A life-threatening condition developing during the last (3rd) trimester of pregnancy

59
New cards

Endometriosis

The term when endometrial tissue implants and grows outside the uterus

60
New cards

Teratoma (Dermoid Cyst)

The term for a tumor present at birth that contains hair, and a greasy substance that may form in the uterus, ovaries, or other areas; usually benign

61
New cards

Cervical Cancer

May be caused by HPV (genital warts)

62
New cards

Breast Cancer

A cancer that tends to metastasize, and a mastectomy is usually recommended

63
New cards

Fibroid Tumors (Leiomyomas)

Benign tumors of the smooth muscle of the uterus (develop in the myometrium)

64
New cards

Sprain

A stretch or tear in a ligament

65
New cards

Strain

A stretch or tear in a tendon

66
New cards

Dislocation

A displacement of bones from their normal position at the joint

67
New cards

Subluxation

The term for an incomplete or partial displacement

68
New cards

Osteitis

The term for inflammation of a bone

69
New cards

Osteomyelitis

The term for an inflammation of the bone involving the bone marrow due to a bacterial infection

70
New cards

Osteoporosis

The loss of bone density due to aging

71
New cards

Arthritis

Inflammation of the joints

72
New cards

Osteoarthritis

The most common type of arthritis that results from wearing away of the articular cartilage due to aging

73
New cards

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Arthritis that is due to an autoimmune response

74
New cards

Gout

The term for joint inflammation due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals

75
New cards

Bursitis

The term for inflammation of the bursae, most commonly in the shoulder

76
New cards

Rickets

The term for soft bones in children due to a loss of calcium salts as a result of vitamin D deficiency

77
New cards

Osteomalacia

The term for soft bones in adults due to a Vitamin D deficiency

78
New cards

Compound Fracture

The term for a broken bone that protrudes through the skin

79
New cards

Comminuted Fracture

The term for a bone that is crushed or splintered into pieces

80
New cards

Greenstick Fracture

The term for a bone that bends on one side and breaks on the opposite side

81
New cards

Complete Fracture

The term when a fracture line extends all the way across the bone producing 2 pieces

82
New cards

Scoliosis

The term for an abnormal lateral spinal curvature

83
New cards

Lordosis

The term for an exaggerated lumbar (anterior) curvature of the spine

84
New cards

Kyphosis

The term for an exaggerated thoracic posterior curvature

85
New cards

Achondroplasia (Cartilage Defect)

A genetic disorder in which the conversion of cartilage to bone does not occur

86
New cards

Dwarfism

Results from Achondroplasia (a cartilage defect)

87
New cards

Multiple Sclerosis

A disease where there is a progressive deterioration of skeletal muscles with a loss of function

88
New cards

Osteities Deformans (Paget’s Disease)

Disease results from abnormal bone remodeling

89
New cards

Osteosarcoma

A primary malignant tumor of the bone

90
New cards

Acne

Inflammation of sebaceous glands related to excess secretion of sebum

91
New cards

Abscess

A localized accumulation of pus caused by a Staph infection

92
New cards

Boil (Furuncle)

An abscess located in the deep layers of the skin such as a hair follicle

93
New cards

Eczema

Inflammation of the skin involving redness, vesicles, scales, and itching; may be chronic causing thickening of the skin and hyperpigmentation

94
New cards

Contact Dermatitis

An allergic reaction to an antigen to which one has been previously sensitized; a cell-mediated immune response to agents such as metals or poison ivy

95
New cards

Urticaria (Hives)

An allergic reaction; an allergic response to drugs, food, systemic disease, heat or cold

96
New cards

Folliculitis

An infection of the hair follicles (Staph infection with pustules)

97
New cards

Carbuncle

The term for two or more communicating boils (furuncles)

98
New cards

Ulcers from the 2nd stage of syphilis

Mucous patches in the mouth and reddish or copper colored rash

99
New cards

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Results from overactive sebaceous gland

100
New cards

Dandruff (Seborrhea)

Due to excessive secretion of sebum; red itchy patches of flaky scales