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Natural Selection
The process by which species or populations adapt to their environment through differential survival and reproduction of individuals.
Evolution
The change in traits of organisms over time, resulting from gradual accumulation of changes among individuals in a population.
Adaptation
A process through which natural selection results in organisms becoming better suited to their environment, increasing their fitness.
Fitness
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Darwin's Postulates
Four key ideas by Darwin: individuals within species vary; some variations are heritable; more offspring are produced than can survive; individuals with favorable adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
Proposed that species change over time and are related by common ancestry; suggested that acquired traits are passed to offspring, a concept that was later debunked.
Alfred Wallace
Naturalist who independently formulated a theory of evolution through natural selection and corresponded with Darwin about his findings.
Galapagos Islands Birds
Species observed by Darwin that displayed variations across different islands, contributing to his theory of evolution.
Species Distribution
The geographical layout of organisms, which linked to their evolutionary history and ecological niches.
Mechanism of Natural Selection
The process by which certain traits become more common in a population due to the increased survival and reproduction of individuals with those traits.
