Rome Caesar to Claudius key dates

Dates ce. unless otherwise stated. I make the rules on names. Mostly from the OCD

46 bce

Caesar returns to triple triumph in Rome

45 bce

Caesar on campaign in Spain against the last of Pompey’s resistance. Accompanied by Octavian.

44 bce

Caesar declared dictator for life

44 bce

Caesar assassinated before he leaves for Parthia, Antony, his consular colleague for the year, delivers his funerary oration. Octavian returns to Rome from Apollonia.

43 bce

Consuls Hirtius and Vibius die fighting alongside Octavian at Mutina, against Antony. The nineteen-year-old Octavian and his private army march on Rome, demanding the consulship.

43 bce

Lex Pedia de interfectoribus Caesaris allows Caesar’s assassins to be exiled in absentia.

43 bce

lex Titia de triumviris rei publicae constituendae established the triumvirate for five years

42 bce

Caesar deified, Antony becomes the flamen of his cult

42 bce

Two battles of Philippi defeat Brutus and Cassius

41-40 bce

Octavian defeats L. Antonius and Fulvia at the siege of Perusia

40 bce

Octavian terming himself divi filius

40 bce

Treaty of Brundisium splits Empire between the triumvirs, strengthened by Antony’s marriage to Octavia

39 bce

Triumvirate extended for five years (to 33)

38 bce

Livia divorces Tiberius Claudius Nero, marrying Octavian

38 bce

Octavian using ‘Imperator’ as praenomen

36 bce

Agrippa defeats Sextus Pompey. This lack of threat in Sicily allows Lepidus to (unsuccessfully) challenge Octavian, for which he is exiled.

33 bce

Agrippa serves as aedile, despite having already been consul

31 bce

Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra at Actium

31 bce

Octavian restores the Romulan temple to Jupiter Feretrius

30 bce

Octavian captures Alexandria, from this point onwards governed by an equestrian prefect

29 bce

Octavian returns to Rome in a triple triumph

29 bce

M. Licinius Crassus refused the right of spolia opima

29 bce

Senatorial roll revised, creating new patricians

28 bce

Triumviral constitution deconstructed, ‘return to order’; Octavian co-consul with Agrippa, alternating fasces by month

28 bce

Completion of the Augustan mausoleum; dedication of the temple to the divine Julius and Curia Julia. Augustus claims to have repaired/built 82 temples this year.

27 bce

Octavian ‘hands back government to the senate’, who return most militarised provinces to him; Senate grant him the corona civica, laurel trees, and the cognomen Augustus, commemorated on the clupeus virtutis

23 bce

Augustus resigns the consulship, receives tribunician power

23 bce

Tiberius quaestor, five years early

22 bce

Augustus assumes the cura annonae, delegating this control of the grain supply to an equestrian prefect

22 bce

Regulation limits individuals to giving at most two shows, with at most 120 gladiators each, a year

20 bce

Tiberius crowns Tigranes in Armenia

19 bce

L. Cornelius Balbus the last person not from the imperial family to celebrate a triumph

18 bce

lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis penalises adultery

17 bce

Augustus adopts Gaius and Lucius

17 bce

Ludi saeculares marks a new age, presided over by Augustus and Agrippa

13 bce

Theatre of Balbus, commemorating his triumph, the last major monument from outside of the imperial family

13 bce

Augustus audits the equestrian order

12 bce

Agrippa dies, Agrippa Postumous born

12 bce

Tiberius returns to Rome after a successful campaign in Germany, recovering Rome’s position from the Teutoburg forest disaster

12 bce

Augustus elected pontifex maximus, subsequently completing Caesar’s calendar reforms. The month of sextilis renamed August.

10 bce

Obelisk from Egypt erected on the campus martius

9 bce

Ara Pacis consecrated on Livia’s birthday, gift from the Senate to Augustus

9 bce

Death of Drusus, son of Livia

7 bce

Augustus divides Rome into 14 regions, then individual vici (neighbourhoods), used to organize the census, fire-fighting, and the lares compitales

7 bce

Tiberius completes second consulship, given tribunican power and imperium for five years to go on diplomatic mission to Armenia. Instead, he withdraws to Rome

7/6 bce

Augustus issues Cyrene Edicts (to a senatorial province)

6 bce

Pannonia revolt, enough of a concern to conscript freedmen

2 bce

lex Fufia Caninia restricts the number of slaves which could be released in a will

2 bce

Gaius and Lucius being hailed as the principes iuventutis

2 bce

Exile of Julia the elder for adultery

2

Death of Lucius Caesar

4

Death of Gaius Caesar; adoption of Tiberius and Agrippa Postumus

6

Judaea annexed

6

Exile of Agrippa Postumus

8

Exile of Julia the younger for adultery

9

Loss of P. Q. Varus’ three legions in Germany

13

Tiberius given proconsular imperium equal to Augustus

14

Augustus dies, accession of 55-year-old Tiberius, who abolishes the consilium principis

14

Sejanus joins his father L. Seius Strabo as praetorian prefect

16

Germanicus recalled to Rome

19

Death of Germanicus

20

Death of Cn. Calpurnius Piso, facing charges of extortion and poisoning Germanicus. Documented in SC de Cn Pisone patre

21

Revolt in Transalpine Gaul, likely due to increasing financial pressure

23

Death of Tiberius’ son Drusus

25

Tiberius denies Sejanus permission to marry Drusus’ widow, Livia Iulia

26

Tiberius retires to Rhodes

27

Tiberius moves to Capeae

29

Exile of Agrippina the elder and her eldest son, Nero Iulius Caesar

30

Imprisonment of Agrippina the elder’s second son, Drusus Iulius Caesar

31

Death of Sejanus, consul for the year, on maiestas charges. Replaced as praetorian prefect by Macro

31

Caligula becomes pontifex

37

Death of Tiberius, much celebration. His son Tiberius Iulius Caesar Nero Gemellus’ claim to the Principate dismissed, Caligula ascends to it.

40

Caligula holds sole consulship