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1898- Spanish American War

USS Maine was sunk by a Spanish mine in Havana Harbor. US declares war on Spain. Defeats Spain; seizes Spanish possessions such as Cuba and Philippians giving the US a “world empire”

1898- Hawaii is annexed

Hawaii is annexed

1914- Panama Canal

canal was completed in this year

1914-1918- World War I

a series of global alliances took effect as a small war between Austria and Serbia grew into full scale global conflict with more death than any other war this century

1929- Stock Market Crash

begins the Great Depression

1941-1945- World War II

a war between European powers escalates around the World and the United States is drawn into the war in December of 1941, after being attacked in the Hawaii Islands by the Empire of Japan, which was an ally of Germany

1957- Sputnik I

the launch of 1st artificial satellite triggers space race bwteen US & USSR and the NDEA →more math/science in schools

1968- MLK assassinated

ended non-violent approach to Civil Rights movements and results in race riots nationwide

1969- Moon Landing

Moon Landing

1991- Cold War Ends

46 years of tension between US and USSR ends, changes foreign policy and defense spending practices

2001-Terrorist Attacks

radical Muslims attack NYC and the Pentagon, killing 2977 people and began a War on Terror

2008- Barack Obama elected the 1st black president

Barack Obama elected the 1st black president

Plessy v Ferguson -1896

set precedent of Separate but Equal

Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka -1954

unanimously overturned Plessy v Ferguson, ruled that segregated schools ae inherently unequal, mandated desegregation

Imperialist Era

Henry Cabot Lodge, Alfred T Mahan, Theodore Roosevelt, Sanford B Dole

Alfred Thayer Mahan

argued a strong navy was necessary to protect an empire but that without the empire, a navy could not be sustained

Theodore Roosevelt

as president, he moved the US into an important position by using the “big stick” policy to build our empire and influence in Latin American and the Pacific, supported the building of the Panama Canal

Progressive Era

Upton Sinclair (writer), Susan B Anthony (women), Ida B Wells (antilynching) WEB DuBois (blacks)

WEB DuBois

founder of the national association for the advancement of colored persons in 1909

1920s era

Clarence Darrow, William J Bryan, Henry Ford, Glenn Curtiss, Marcus Garvey, Charles Lindbergh

Charles Lindbergh

made the world’s first transatlantic solo flight in 1927

Henry Ford

created a productive assembly line using standardized parts, through this process he was able to create affordable automobiles

Clarence Darrow

in 1925, defended John Scopes at his trial for teaching evolutionWi

William Jennings Bryan

gave the “cross of gold” speech (populist issue), opposed the teaching of evolution at the Scopes trial

Great depression era

Herbert Hoover, Franklin D Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt.

Military leaders,

World War I: JJ Pershing; World War 2: Omar Bradley, Dwight Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, Chester Nimitz, George Marshall, George Patton.

Medal of Honor recipients

Alvin York, World War One. Vernon Baker, World War 2. Roy Benavidez, Vietnam.

Civil rights era.

Martin Luther King Junior, WEB Dubois, Rosa Parks, Cesar Chavez, Hector P Garcia, Betty Freidan.

Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.

Co founders of United Farm Workers to help migrant farm workers.

Martin Luther King, Junior.

Civil rights leader in America in the mid 1900s organized a peaceful March on Washington where he gave his I Have a Dream speech. He became a symbol for the peaceful American Civil rights movement.

Betty Freidan.

Wrote The Feminine Mystique argued that women should break out of traditional roles of wives and mothers.

Hector P Garcia.

WW2 veteran worked to get Hispanics equal treatment in Texas.

Oppose civil rights and fought to maintain the status quo.

George Wallace, Orval Faubus, Lester Maddox. Congressional bloc of Southern Democrats.

1775- 1783 American Revolution.

1775- 1783 American Revolution.

1787.- Constitution written.

1787.- Constitution written.

1861.-1865.-American Civil War.

1861.-1865.-American Civil War.

1898.-Spanish American War.

Spain attempts to stop the Cuban independence movement. The US intervenes after USS Maine and claims various Spanish possessions as a result of the war.

1914.-1918.-World War I.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a Serbian.This event set off a chain of events that led the deadliest war in history.

1. Austria declares war on Serbia.

2. Russia (ally to Serbia) declares war on Austria.

3. Germany, allied to Austria, declares war on Russia and Serbia.

4. France, allied to Russia, declared war on Germany.

5. Communist revolution in Russia makes peace with Germany to get out of war.

6. United States enters the war in 1917, fighting with England and France.

Unrestricted submarine warfare.

Threatened American shipping. All boats and British waters would be sunk, even if neutral.

Trench warfare.

Common way of fighting in World War 2 was to dig massive trenches from which each army fought.

War officially ends-Treaty of Versailles.

War officially ends-Treaty of Versailles.

1939-1945 World War II

 Germany invaded Poland, and England and France declared war on Germany, And its allies.

-Axis Powers =

Germany, Italy, Japan, etc.

-Allied Powers =

England, France, United States, Soviet Union, etc.

-December 7, 1941

Japan attacks the US naval base a Pearl Harbor drawing the United States into WWII

After signing a treaty with the Soviet Union…

 Germany attack, drawing the Soviet Union onto the side of the allies.

1942 Interment of Japanese Americans begins, violating Civil Rights

1942 Interment of Japanese Americans begins, violating Civil Rights

--June 1942 = US victorious at the Battle of Midway, turning the tide of the war with Japan.

--June 1942 = US victorious at the Battle of Midway, turning the tide of the war with Japan.

--June 6, 1944 D-Day =

Allied powers invade mainland Europe in order to take it back from German control. The attack begins on the Normandy coast of France. Also called: Invasion of Normandy

-Atomic Bomb =

The United States drops 2 nuclear bombs on Japan to avoid invading the island. Still the only nuclear weapons ever used in aggression.

--Holocaust =

The name given to the systematic murder of millions of Jews and other ethnic groups by the Nazi government of Germany during the years of and around WWII.

-Economic Impact in US =

rationing, increased female employment and end of Great Depression

1950-1953 Korean War =

US went to war in Korea in order to stop the communist take-over of the country. The war ends in a stalemate. Korea was eventually split into 2 halves. The US still maintains military bases for the protection of South Korea.

1964-1973 Vietnam War =

undeclared war in Southeast Asia; war to stop the spread of Communism; due to high loss of life and Civil Rights movements in the United States, public support for the war was limited. Citizens began to distrust the government's intentions and US should leave Vietnam.

Tet Offensive =

causes moderates to turn against the war.

1973 US pulls out of Vietnam….

leaves the fighting to the Vietnamese people.

-Only war ever lost by the United States

1991 Operation Desert Storm =

US responded to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

1998 Clinton Impeached =

charged with perjury & obstruction of justice

Sept. 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks =

al Qaeda-sponsored hijackers took control of 4 planes and led a direct attack on symbols of US prosperity (Twin Towers of NYC. The Pentagon and Washington DC)

-Resulted in a global War on Terror

--USA PATRIOT Act & TSA created

2005 =

Hurricane Katrina hits New Orleans

2008 =

Obama elected

--Communication =

Telegraph (long - distance communication using Morse code signals) and Telephones united the country by making business, military and personal communications faster and easier.

-Computers =

(earliest 1940, personal computers 1980s) Enables fast storage, retrieval, and manipulation of date; simplified complex calculations. Creates new industries and fuels economic growth.

--Electrical Power =

(Generator 1870, Light Bulb 1879) More convenient, safer, less expensive than wood, coal and other fossil fuels. Factories could be built anywhere.

-Medical Vaccinations =

(Polio 1954, 1961 and Measles 1963) New developments in these medicines decrease the infant mortality rate and increased life expectancy.

--Petroleum Based Products =

Made possible the development of products such as fertilizer, medicines, plastics and building materials. Its successful use created a dependence on these products that are now almost all imported from other countries (Increasing world trade).

-Standard of Living =

the quality of the living conditions and income levels of citizens over time will raise or lower this standard.

-Transportation =

improvements in transportation technology led to an increase in the standard of living; more affordable choices improve competition and make it more available to the masses.

-Checks and Balances =

Each branch of govt. can use checks or controls

-Limited Government =

the government and those in it must remain over the others in order to maintain a balance of power within the govt. obedient to laws; they are subject to those laws like all citizens.

-Federalism =

a system of government in which the power is divided

--Popular Sovereignty =

a government in which the people rule by their between a central government and smaller political units (such as states). own consent. The people maintain the ultimate power within a republican

-Free Press =

this is vital to a democratic society in order for people to

form of government. speak out against the government without fear of punishment, and to hold

-Republic =

this is a type of democracy (rule by the people) in which the government accountable for its actions. representatives are elected to make the decisions and run the government

-Free Speech =

the ability to speak, act or demonstrate for or against for the good of the people they represent. anything in any way that does not endanger any citizen of the country.

--Republicanism =

the power of voting for their representatives rest solely

--Individual (Unalienable) Rights =

Rights guaranteed in the Constitution with the people. under the Bill of rights. (Rights that cannot be taken away by a government

-Separation of Powers =

Government responsibilities and powers are because they are given by God. (EX: Life Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness. split into 3 independent branches (Legislative, Executive, and Judicial).

Magna Carta =

influenced the US Bill of Rights, including concept of trial by jury and limited government.

English Bill of Rights =

influenced the Bill of Rights (elections; forbade cruel and unusual punishment and restated right to trial by jury.

1776 = Declaration of Independence

1776 = Declaration of Independence

Articles of Confederation =

 first attempt at a national government by the American Colonies; its weakness was the lack of a strong central government.

1787=United States Constitution

1787=United States Constitution

Federalist Papers =

Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay articles that were written to create support for a new constitution.

Treaty of Versailles =

Ends WWI; Germans are forced to pay reparations and fulfill the "War guilt" clause. Creates massive economic troubles for Germany. (League of Nations forms out of the negotiations, US doesn't join)

US Bill of Rights =

First 10 amendments; they guarantee individual freedoms (or unalienable rights) discussed in the Declaration of Independence.

13" Amendment =

This abolished slavery in US

14* Amendment =

gave right of citizenship to all persons born in the United States; it also added new restrictions on the actions of state governments

15t Amendment =

Gave black men the right to vote.

16 Amendment =

Gave congress the power to levy income taxes.

17 Amendment =

Allowed for the direct election of senators.

18 Amendment =

Prohibition: made the production, distribution, and consumption of alcohol illegal.

19th Amendment -

Gave women the right to vote (suffrage); maintained that voting rights could not be limited based on gender.

Social Security Act =

Welfare program; mandatory retirement / unemployment insurance gathered by taxes.

Gl Bill of Rights =

This was bill guaranteeing educational benefits, unemployment insurance, low interest loans to soldiers serving in the armed forces.

N.A. T.O. =

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; this is a mutual defense pact between the US, Canada, and several European Allies.

Civil Rights Act 1964 =

prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, origin, or gender; equal public facilities.

24* Amendment =

Abolition of Poll Taxes; maintained that the government could not tax elections, therefore no one could be charged a fee for voting.

26* Amendment =

Establishes the voting age at 18.