• Pharmacology: – The Study Of Drugs And Their Actions • Drugs: – Any Synthetic Or Natural Molecule That Is Capable Of Modifying Cell Biology • Clinical Pharmacology: – Is The Study Of Drugs And Their Clinical Use • Pharmacodynamics: – Is About All Those Matters That Are Concerned With The Pharmacological Actions Of Drugs Once They Reach Their Target • Pharmacokinetics: – Pharmacokinetics Is About How Drugs Move Around The Body, Being Absorbed, Distributed To Their Sites Of Action, And Being Eliminated Pharmacodynamics • Drugs Can Exert Their Actions Via: 1. Binding To Receptors 2. Indirect Alteration Of The Effect Of An Endogenous Agonist 3. Inhibition Of Transport 4. Inhibition/Activation Of Enzymes 5. Other Mechanisms: Chelation, Altering Osmotic Pressure, Etc 6. A Combination Of The Above Drugs And Their Receptors • Receptors: • A Molecule That Recognizes Specifically A Second Small Molecule Whose Binding Brings About The Regulation Of A Cellular Process…In The Unbound State A Receptor Is Functionally Silent • Ligands: – Molecules That Are Capable Of Binding To The Receptor To Produce An Effect • Ligands Can Act As: • Full Agonists: – Ligands That Bind To A Receptor And Produce A Maximal Biologic Response (↑ In Heart Rate) • Partial Agonists: – Bind To Receptors But Produce Partial Biological Responses (Minimal Increase In Heart Rate) • Inverse Agonists: – Binds To The Receptor And Produce The Opposite Effect (↓ In Heart Rate) • Antagonists: – Ligands Bind To A Receptor But Produce No Effect (No ↑ In Heart Rate) – An Antagonist Blocks The Action Of The Agonist Ligands & Their Actions Examples Of Receptors Receptor Type Subtype Agonists Adrenoceptors α/β (G-Protein Coupled Receptors) Adrenaline Noradrenaline Cholinoceptors Muscarinic/Nicotinic Acetylcholine And Analogues Dopamine Receptors (G-Protein Coupled Receptors) Various Dopamine

Pharmacodynamics

________ is concerned with the pharmacological actions of drugs once they reach their target.

Ligands

________ are molecules that are capable of binding to the receptor to produce an effect.

Pharmacokinetics

________ is about how drugs move around the body, being absorbed, distributed to their sites of action, and being eliminated.

Drugs

________ can exert their actions via binding to receptors, indirect alteration of the effect of an endogenous agonist, inhibition of transport, inhibition /activation of enzymes, other mechanisms, or a combination of the above.

Receptors

________ are molecules that recognize specifically a second small molecule whose binding brings about the regulation of a cellular process.

Clinical pharmacology

________ is the study of drugs and their clinical use.

Ligands

________ can act as full agonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists, or antagonists.

Drugs

________ are synthetic or natural molecules that can modify cell biology.