TCM2202A 中醫歷史 Test 1 Revision

List down the five basic principles/main features of the Huang Di Nei Jing

写出《黄帝内经》5 个基本精神表现/特点 ：

a. Emphasis on holistic approach

强调整体观

b. Emphasis on the zang-fu organs and meridians

重视脏腑经络

c. Application of the theory of Yin and Yang, the Five Element theory

运用阴阳五行学说

d. Proposed the important influence of Psychology and Environment

提出心理与环境对人的重要影响

e. Proposed prevention of diseases, opposed superstition

提出预防疾病、养生的概念，反对迷信

The China’s earlies existing medical exercise of illustration is ______.

中国现存最早的医疗体操图是。

“Dao Yin Tu” 《 导引图 》

The earliest existing monograph of pharmacology in China

中国现存最早的药物学专著

“Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing” 《神农本草经》

“Sage of Medicine”

Zhang Zhong Jing 张仲景

“King of Medicine”

Sun Si Miao 孙思邈

Philosophical schools that affect the formation of TCM are the following

影响中医奠基与发展的哲学思想、派别

a. Taoism

b. Confucianism

c. The School of Yin and Yang

The earliest annotated version of “Su Wen”, but was lost during the Southern Song period.

《素问》的最早注本是

Su Wen Xun Jie 素問訓解，
Quan Yuan Qi 全元起

The earliest extant annotated version of “Huang Di Nei Jing”

现存最早的《内经》注本

Huangdi Neijng Taisu 黃帝內經太素，
Yang Shang Shan 楊上善
during the Sui and Tang dynasties 隋唐時期

It is an influential annotated version of Suwen

为注释《素问》影响较大的注本，Written by?

Zhu Huangdi Suwen 《注黄帝素问》，
Wang Bing 王冰
during mid-Tang dynasty 中唐

“Shang Han Lun” discusses cold damage based on _________,

Six Meridians

“Jing Gui Yao Lue” discusses miscellaneous diseases based on the

Zang-Fu organs

the first to compile and edit “Shang Han Za Bing Lun”

Wang Shu He 王叔和，
Jin Dynasty 晋代

Who emphasized the use of Gui Zhi Decoction, Ma Huang Decoction, and Qing Long Decoction, which had a profound influence on later research？
重视桂枝汤、麻黄汤、青龙汤三法，形成“三纲鼎立”学说？

Sun Si Miao 孙思邈

The earliest existing work on pulse diagnosis is (___).

现存最早的脉学专书是_________。

Mai Jing《脉经》，
Wang Shu He 王叔和
Jin Dynasty 晋代

《脉经》成就

a. Establishing the cun kou pulse diagnosis method

b. Summarizing 24 pulse types and standardizing pulse terminology

c. Emphasizing the integration of pulse diagnosis with clinical symptoms and treatment,

unifying pulse patterns with clinical syndromes.

强调脉学与临床病证治疗结合，统一脉象与证候

In which book proposed the concept of "Seven Superior, Eight Interior, Nine Pathways" in pulse diagnosis, by who?

Mai Jue《脉诀》，
Gao Yang Sheng 高阳生，
Six Dynasties 六朝

First monograph on etiology

中国第一部专论疾病病因和证候的专书是？

Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun《诸病源候论》，
Chao Yuan Fang 巢元方，
Sui and Tang Dynasty 隋末唐初

《诸病源候论》Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun 成就

a. Comprehensive disease coverage: Covers internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology and ENT.

b. New etiological insights: Expended beyond traditional 3 causes theories, identifying new disease causes.

c. Detailed symptoms descriptions: Offer accurate guidance for diagnosis

d. Surgical techniques: Documented trauma treatment, surgeries, and other procedures.

The first TCM emergency handbook, written by?

“Zhou Hou Fang” 《肘后方》，
Ge Hong 葛洪，
Jin Dynasty 晋代

《肘后方》成就

a. Advanced understanding of acute infectious diseases, with early records of smallpox and scrub typhus

b. The concept of "using poison to counter poison" in disease prevention, such as applying rabid dog brain tissue to bite wounds to prevent rabies, reflecting an early concept of immunity

提出“以毒攻毒”防治疾病，如用狂犬脑组织治狂犬病，体现免疫思想

c. Simplicity, convenience, affordability and efficacy

简、便、效、廉

China's first medical encyclopedia, written by?

中国第一部医学百科全书

Qian Jing Yao Fang《千金要方》，
Sun Si Miao 孙思邈，
Tang Dynasty 唐代

《千金要方》Qian Jin Yao Fang 成就

a. Emphasized medical ethics with detailed discussions on standards

重视医德，详论规范：

《千金要方》中“大习医业”和“大医精诚”系统论述了医德

b. Valuing the wisdom of predecessors /Valuing predecessors’ experience

重视前人宝贵经验，尊古而不泥古。

c. Emphasised on paediatrics and gynaecology.

强调妇儿疾病诊治 。

d. Promoted comprehensive therapies, integrating acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage, moxibustion, and dietary treatments

提倡综合治疗，结合针药、按摩、灸治、食疗 。

e. Conducted in-depth research on medicinal properties and revised herbs

深入研究药性。

f. Advocated proactive health preservation.

倡导积极养生，反对服石求长生。

Sun Si Miao’s contribution in acupuncture.

a. Introduced the "same-body-inch" method for locating acupoints.

b. Clearly proposed the concepts of "extraordinary points" and "Ashi points."

c. Created the first color illustrations of meridians and acupoints.

d. Emphasized on the use of both acupuncture and moxibustion.

Sun Si Miao achievements

a. Supervised “Tang Xin Ben Cao”,

主持完成了一部国家药典《唐新本草》；

b. Created a prescription-symptom classification system

将张仲景的六经辨证改为方证结合分类，成为方类证指南；

c. Advanced organ-based diagnosis of deficiency/excess and cold/heat

提倡脏腑虚实、寒热辨证，深远影响脏腑辨证；

d. Promoted gynecology, pediatrics specialization, and elderly care

总结妇儿科成就，推动专科设立；

e. Advocated moxibustion, massage, qi gong, and dietary therapy.

提倡保健灸、按摩、导引、食疗等，为老年病防治提供宝贵经验

List down the achievements of “Wai Tai Mi Yao”

By: Wang Dao 王焘，Tang Dynasty

i. Preserves ancient texts,

整理和保存大量古代医学文献

ii. Collects and promotes effective folk remedies.

收集、推广民间单方验方，详述疗效与来源

iii. Documents advancements, including early descriptions of diabetes and cataract surgery.

iv. Recorded the unique therapeutic effect of herbs:

记述中药的特效。

v. Innovative Diagnosis and Care, recorded urine analysis for jaundice and various emergency treatments.

药物学

a. Ben Cao Shi Yi《本草拾遗》

i. Tang Dynasty Chen Cang Qi

唐代·陈藏器

ii. Broad and extensive collection but lacking practical experience

收罗广泛庞杂，缺乏实践经验

b. Hai Yao Ben Cao《海药本草》

i. Recorded imported foreign medicines

记载海外传入的药品

c. Shi Liao Ben Cao《食疗本草》

i. First monograph about Chinese Medicine Dietary Therapy

第一部关于中医食疗的专著

d. Shi Xing Ben Cao《食性本草》

i. Dietary Therapy Text

介绍食疗本草

Which of the following herbal medicine books was the first to adopt classification based on natural properties ( )?
下列哪部本草著作最早采用了按自然属性分类的方法（ ）

Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu《本草经集注》
Tao Hong Jing 陶弘景，Tang Dynasty

First Monograph of herbs processing 最早的中药炮制学专著

Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun《雷公炮炙论》，
Lei Xiao 雷敩，Nan Dynasty 南朝

The following are famous alchemists from Jin and Tang dynasties

晋唐时期著名的炼丹家

a. Ge Hong, “Bao Pu Zi”

b. Tao Hong Jing, “He Dan Fa Shi”

c. Sun Si Maio, “Qian Jin Fang”

Contributions of Bao Pu Zi.

a. Collected and summarised theory and experience in “forging pills” from previous dynasties and state his own views.

b. Discovered multiple minerals and synthetic compounds useful in treating diseases.

c. Pioneer in Chinese medicine pharmaceutical chemistry.

中国医学药物化学的先驱。

The first pharmacopoeia officially issued by a national government in Chinese medical history and the earliest national pharmacopoeia in the world.
中国医学史上第一部由国家颁行的药典，也是世界上最早的国家药典。

Xin Xiu Ben Cao 《新修本草》，
Composed by Su Jing and over 20 officials，Tang Dynasty

《新修本草》”Xin Xiu Ben Cao” 成就

a. Extensive Collections: Contains 844 kinds of medicinal herbs, with over 20 new foreign herbs added, such as An Xi Xiang and A Wei. 收录广泛

b. Comprehensive Contents with details properties, origins, effects, and uses, with high academic and clinical value.内容丰富,详述性味、产地、功效、主治，学术价值高，临床实用性强。

c. Illustrated Contents: Features 25 volumes of herb illustrations, pioneering text-image integration in pharmacology.图文并茂：54 卷中药图占 25 卷，图经 7 卷，开创药物学图文对照先例。