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23 Terms
1
Tragedy of the Commons
A situation in which a shared resource is overused and depleted due to individual profit maximization.
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2
Ogallala Aquifer
The largest aquifer in the United States, running from Texas through the Midwest, largely overdrafted and nearing depletion.
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3
Groundwater depletion
The unsustainable extraction of groundwater, leading to overdrafts and problems such as subsidence and saltwater intrusion.
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4
Subsidence
The sinking or settling of the ground as a result of groundwater extraction.
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5
Salinization
The accumulation of salts in soil due to irrigation practices, which can hinder plant growth.
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6
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
A sustainable approach to managing pests using a variety of complementary strategies.
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7
Bycatch
Non-target marine species caught unintentionally during fishing operations.
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8
Aquaculture
The farming of aquatic organisms, such as fish and shellfish, often in controlled environments.
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9
Impervious Surfaces
Surfaces that do not allow water to permeate, leading to increased runoff and potential flooding.
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10
Eutrophication
The process in which water bodies become overly enriched with nutrients, leading to excessive growth of algae and subsequent oxygen depletion.
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11
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs)
High-density animal farming setups where livestock are raised for food in confined spaces.
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12
Cover Crops
Plants grown primarily for the purpose of improving soil health and preventing erosion.
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13
Clear-cutting
A logging method where all trees in an area are cut down, significantly impacting the ecosystem.
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14
Furrow Irrigation
An irrigation method that involves flooding furrows between rows of crops, resulting in high evaporation.
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15
Flood Irrigation
An irrigation method where fields are completely flooded with water, leading to substantial water loss.
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16
Drip Irrigation
An efficient irrigation method that delivers water directly to plant roots through a system of tubing.
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17
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
A regulatory term in the U.S. Clean Water Act that defines the maximum amount of a pollutant that a water body can receive and still meet water quality standards.
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18
Deforestation
The large-scale removal of trees from forested areas, leading to habitat loss and increased erosion.
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19
Mining Reserves
Profitable amounts of minerals and resources located within the earth that are identified for extraction.
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20
Mining Tailings
Waste materials left over after the extraction of valuable minerals during mining processes.
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21
Urbanization
The process by which rural areas transform into urban areas, often resulting in environmental impact through increased impervious surfaces.
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22
Nutrient Pollution
Degradation of water quality due to excessive levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, often from agricultural runoff.
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23
Hypoxia
Low oxygen levels in water bodies, typically resulting from nutrient pollution and leading to dead zones.
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