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Market
A place or situation where buyers and sellers exchange goods and services
Market demand
The horizontal sum of all individual demand curves/schedules at each price
Market supply
The horizontal sum of all individual supply curves/schedules at each price
Equilibrium
The price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied
Disequilibrium
The market is not in equilibrium (surplus or shortage exists)
Surplus
Excess supply – quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded (occurs above equilibrium)
Shortage
Excess demand – quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied (occurs below equilibrium)
How surplus is removed
Price falls → QD rises and QS falls until equilibrium is restored
How shortage is removed
Price rises → QD falls and QS rises until equilibrium is restored