Chapter 17 The Age of Western Imperialism

The period historians call the New Imperialism began in the ________.

1870s

By 1823, one of the few areas where European rule remained in the Americas was ________.

some of the Caribbean islands

During the nineteenth century, the dominant religious group that set the pace for missionary enterprises that other Western nations imitated was ________.

evangelical Protestants from Britain

India was formally ruled by which of the following until 1857?

the Mughal emperor

What was Queen Victoria's role in India?

She was named the Empress of India in 1877.

When a European power placed one of its officials in a foreign government to remotely control that government a _________ was created.

protectorate

Which of the following countries posed the biggest challenge to Britain's dominance of the world stage?

Japan and the United States

________ believed the European economies should be restructured to make imperialism unnecessary

J. A. Hobson

Which country annexed Korea in 1910?

Japan

Russia's main rival in southern Middle Asia—the region of present-day Uzbekistan, Turkistan, and areas bordering Afghanistan—was ________.

Britain

Russian expansion into which region came at the expense of the Ottoman Empire and Persia?

the Transcaucasus

What ended the passive role of the United States in foreign affairs?

Cuba's revolt against Spain

Laos and Cambodia became protectorates of ________ in the 1880s and 1890s.

France

One of the reasons Napoleon III sent forces to Vietnam in 1856 was to ________.

protect Roman Catholic missionaries

The Boxer Rebellion ended when ________.

an international army occupied Beijing

The Open Door Policy ________

allowed all nations to trade in China on equal terms

What technological innovation helped Britain win the first Opium War against China?

iron steamboat

The single most important weapon in colonial warfare by 1900 was ________.

the machine gun

The first transatlantic submarine cable was laid in ________.

1866

What was "gunboat diplomacy"?

the use of warships to ensure cooperation of local rulers with European imperialists

Missionaries were most active in providing ________ to non-Westerners.

education

One of the main legacies of the missionary movements of the eighteenth century is the ________.

establishment of Christianity a genuinely worldwide religion

Missionaries in India founded colleges that educated ________.

women belonging to the elite classes

The largest missionary society in ________ had over a million members.

France

Which French physician measured the skulls of human beings from different races and assigned them intellectual capacity on the basis of brain size?

Paul Broca

One of the ways nineteenth-century imperialism differed from early modern colonization was ________.

European nations increased their interest in the non-Western world

The close of European colonization in the Americas resulted in ________.

the collapse of Spain and Portugal as significant colonial powers

Which of the following statements about British involvement in slavery and the slave trade is true?

Britain banned the slave trade in 1807 and abolished it in its own colonies in 1833-1834.

The British Empire in the early nineteenth century sought to extend its power and influence primarily through which means?

promoting imperialism through free trade

Which of the following was an outcome of British imperial policies in the first half of the nineteenth century?

war with China over forced importation of opium

Why did British economic thinkers advocate abandoning closed imperial systems in favor of free trade?

Britain's manufacturing capacity exceeded demands of the population.

The Opium Wars were a conflict between Britain's desire to sell a product in China and China's opposition to ________.

the import of an addictive product, opium

Prior to 1870, which of the following was the greatest threat to British domination of foreign markets?

government interference in the form of tariffs, subsidies, and price controls

The Government of India Act in 1858 ________.

transferred political authority from the East India Company to the British Crown

Which of the following statements about Indians' views of British rule during the 1880s is true?

Increasing discontent led to calls for liberalizing British policies.

Most of the empires of the New Imperialism ________.

were less enduring than those of the earlier European empires

One of the primary motives for the New Imperialism was the ________.

belief an empire was necessary for a great power

Britain ________ from its rule of India.

benefited economically

By 1914, which of the following was true?

British colonization touched North, South, East, and West Africa.

Which of the following territories was remained an independent nation in 1914?

Ethiopia

Historians have traditionally explained the New Imperialism as driven by the need for markets and raw materials. Which of the following weakens this explanation?

colonies' weakness as markets for the great imperial nations

In 1898, British- and French-led forces encountered each other at the outpost of ________, but did not decisively engage each other:

Fashoda

The Europeans' power attempt to maximize their strategic control of African territory, markets, and raw materials was known as ________.

the Scramble for Africa

How were the goals of the Russian expansion across mainland Asia similar to those of the early Victorian British administration of India?

Both sought to elevate the native people on the ladder of civilization.

Which of these was used by Russia to justify its expansion in the Transcaucasus?

protection of fellow Christians

Which of the following statements is true concerning colonization in Asia from 1880-1914?

American influence in southern Asia increased by 1914.

Until the mid-nineteenth century, European colonists were largely confined to coastal outposts in Asia and Africa for which of the following reasons?

Europeans were highly vulnerable to the tropical diseases in these regions.

Reasons for increased missionary activity in Asia and Africa in the 1800s included which of the following?

New evangelical currents were developing among European Protestants.

Botanists played a profound role in which of the following imperial ventures?

They transformed local crop production to serve the needs of the empires' home countries.

Anthropologists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did which of the following?

They created zoo-like "native villages" for people in Europe and America.

Which of these was NOT a British settler colony?

Ireland

Which of the following best expresses the British rationale for ruling India in the nineteenth century?

The rationale for rule shifted among all of these ideas over time.

The Imperialism of Free Trade saw European powers dominate colonial nations through __________.

economic influence

Which best describes the ultimate outcome of the Russian wars of conquest in Asia?

They resulted in Russian rivalry with Britain.

The church founded by David Brown Vincent exemplifies which of these?

Devolution of church leadership to homegrown leaders.