Anatomy- Test 1

What is made up of the bones of the limbs and their girdles?`

Appendicular Skeleton

What is also called the shoulder girdle? It is made up of the clavicle, scapula, and associated muscles. It is related to the arm.

Pectoral girdle

What is the pelvic girdle related to?

The leg.

Each limb is made up of ___ segments connected by movable ________.

three, joints

What is the axial trunk made up of?

head, neck, trunk

What is the appendicular part made up of?

appendages and limbs

What studies the structure of body parts and their relationship to each other?

anatomy

What studies the function of body parts as a unit and collectively with the rest of the body?

physiology

What type of anatomy represents structures that can be seen with the naked eye?

gross anatomy

What are the three types of gross anatomy?

regional, systemic, and surface

What type of anatomy is very small, or not presenting obviously?

micoscopic anatomy

What are the four types of microscopic anatomy?

cytology, embryology, radiography, histology

What term means feeling with hands?

palpation

What term means listening with a stethoscope or thumping (often done on pregnant people)?

auscultation

What term means how an organism appears or presents?

observation

Whatr term means lack of the ability to sweat?

anhydrosis

What are the 11 body systems?

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive. 

What are the necessities for life?

Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth

Everything that is alive is made up of ____ and comes from pre-existing ______.

cells, life

What are chemical substances for energy production and cell building? Some examples are carbs, vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats.

nutrients

Chemical reactions that release energy from foods are _________.

oxidative

_______ makes up ___%- _____% of the body. It is the basis for all secretion and fluids in the body.

Water, 50%-60%

A normal body temperature is indicative of proper _____________.

metabolism

Survival calls for appropriate __________, appropriate pressure for _________, and important for good ___________ functions. 

atmosphere, breathing, metabolic

What are the 9 lower body regions?

• Right hypochondriac region

• Epigastric region

• Left hypochondriac region

• Right lumbar region

• Umbilical region

• Left lumbar region

• Right iliac region

• Hypogastric (pubic) region

• Left iliac region

What is located in the right hypochondriac region? What is located in the left hypochondriac region?

liver and gallbladder, spleen

What is located in the epigastric region?

stomach

What is located in the right lumbar region? What is located in the left lumbar region?

ascending colon, descending colon

What is located in the umbilical region?

umbilical region

What is located in the right (illiac) region? What is located in the left (illiac) region?

appendix, sigmoid region

What is located in the hypogastric (pubic) region?

bladder

What is a self-regulating mechanism where the body maintains a state of steady internal chemical and physical conditions? Body needs are adequately met and functions smoothly.  Every body organ is involved.

homeostasis

In homeostasis, communication w/in the body is essential & done through the __________ and _____________ systems.

It has at least 3 interdependent components that function to regulate a variable (item to be regulated): ________, ___________, __________.

nervous and endocrine systems

receptor, control center, effector

What component of homeostasis receives an impulse? It is a sensor that monitors the environment & responds to stimuli (changes) by sending input (info) to the 2nd component. It follows an afferent pathway (af - towards) or af- approaches.

receptor

What is an example of a receptor?

nerve ending receptors of fingertips.

What component of homeostasis processes the impulse? It determines the “set point” or ideal condition for the variable to be maintained. It analyzes input and determines the appropriate course of action.

control center

What is an example of a control center?

the brain

What component of homeostasis receives a processed impulse and directs it to its intended destination? It provides a response or effect that then returns to or feeds back to the variable to create a reaction or response to the initial signal. It has either positive or negative feedback and follows an efferent pathway (efferent means' effect,' and efferent exits).

effector

What is an example of an effector?

blood vessels and sweat glands of the skin.

If stimulus is depressed (slowed, shut off)- ___________

If stimulus is enhanced (sped up, or intensified)- ____________

negative, positive

The skin has __________ that detect temperature changes. If the external temperature rises or drops below the equilibrium, the control center sends signals to the blood vessels and sweat glands in our skin to react accordingly.

receptors

Positive Body Response:

If the temperature is too hot, the blood vessels ________. The vessels, when _________, are closer to the surface of the skin, known as _______________. This allows heat to leave the blood and lower body temperature. The sweat glands produce sweat to accompany this process. Enhances a process or response.

dilate/dilated, vasolidation

Negative Body Response:
If the external temperature is too cold, the blood vessels __________, known as ________________ and enable the body to retain heat. Sweat glands do not respond. Inhibits a process from continuing.

constrict, vasconstriction

What are some positive feedback examples?

Blood clotting, digestion, and nerve signaling

What are some negative feedback examples?

Regulating blood sugar, temperature regulation, and hormones