Sosci temp FRIDAY

What is the scale of analysis?

The level at which a geographer investigates or presents a location

What does a global scale examine?

The entire Earth or systems that affect most landscapes

What are examples of systems that affect most landscapes?

Pandemic diseases or global economic relationships

What does a regional scale examine?

Multiple countries or large portions of a single country

What does the national scale examine?

One country or compares data across regions within that country

What does local scale examine?

Neighborhoods, cities, or districts

What patterns does local scale reveal?

Income levels or ethnic distribution within a community

What is map scale?

The relationship between map size and real world size using radios words or graphics

What do geographers analyze to describe regions?

Relationships, cultural perspectives, and natural and human systems

What do regions fall into?

Categories

What can regions and categories be defines using?

Different markers and scales

What is a region?

A part of Earth that shares one or more common identifiers or activity patterns

How do regions help geographers?

They help relate and differentiate places

How are formal regions defined?

Using consistent unifying characteristics and can be quantified

What traits do formal regions include?

Shared language, climate patterns, or defined political boundaries

What are examples of formal regions?

Ohio or the Arctic region

What are functional regions?

A central node or hub that organizes movement and activity

What often forms functional regions?

Communication, transportation, commerce, and political oganization

Where do functional regions form?

Around major highways, urban centers, or areas of concentrated economic activity

What is another word for Vernacular regions?

Perceptual regions or folk regions

What are vernacular regions defined by?

Shared cultural perceptions

True or False, vernacular regions are subjective

True

What do vernacular regions depend on?

A persons social or geographical perspective

What are examples of vernacular regions?

The Bible Belt and Near East

What interrelated concepts help geographers understand place?

Site and situation

What is site?

A locations physical characteristics

What physical characteristics might be present in a location?

Climate, resources, and plant and animal life

What does Situation refer to?

How a place is connected to other locations

True or False, the significance, shape and size of regions can change over time

True

What is cultural geography?

How cultures differ across space, change over time, and spread to new locations

What makes it imperative for geographers to understand the influence of human cultures on the natural world?

Environmental possiblism

What cultural traits have a profound effect on how people interact with things?

Language, religion, ethnicity, shared worldview, pop culture, social media, and the neighborhood they live in

What does cultural norms in an area influence?

Their populations, and how they are perceived by outsiders

People living in South and East Asia that have high population densities might have a different sense of what? than someone from West Europe and North America?

Personal space

What does the world culture refer to?

Customs, art expressions, social norms, institutions, and other collective characteristics of a social group

How can cultural attitudes transform how human societies interact, exchange, spread, and supress?

By promoting or restraining interaction with other cultures

What is Material culture?

A physical component of culture

What is nonmaterial culture?

The non physical components of culture

On a flag what represents nonmaterial culture?

The symbols used

On a flag what represents material culture?

The flag itself

What can culture be divided into?

Both social and mental components

What are sociofacts?

Structures and institutions that organize and affect social norms

What would sociofacts affect?

familial, government, educational, and religious institutions

What are Mentifacts?

Shared ideals, values, and belief systems that shape culture

What is included in mentifacts?

Religious, political, moral, and social points of view

What part of a mosque is a sociofact?

The building

What part of a mosque is a menifact?

The beliefs of islam practiced inside

What is a cultural hearth?

The location where a certain culture first appeared

How many hearths have produced the most significant developments in human societies?

7

What 7 cultural hearths have produced the most significant developments in human societies?

West Africa, Nile River Valley, Indus River Valley, Huang He (Yellow River) Valley, the Ganges River Delta, Mesopotamia, and Mesoamerica (Central America)

What do some scholars include in the 7 cultural hearths?

Andean America

Andean America is an addition to what?

Mesoamerica

What did each cultural hearth produce?

Systems of language, warfare, agriculture, and society

How is cultural analysis similar to scales of analysis?

Cultural analysis can zoom in and out to reveal different trends

What are Cultural traits?

Singular aspects of culture

What are examples of cultural traits?

Language, cuisine, and fashion

What are cultural complexes?

Groups of cultural traits that cluster and exchange effects

What is an example of a cultural complex?

Wording, food choices, and fashion presentation typical of a wedding

What forms when multiple cultural traits come together under one event?

Cultural complexes

What are cultural systems?

Groups of cultural complexes that define broad features of culture

What are examples of cultural systems?

How religion, education, and politics work in a society

What is a habit?

A personal behavior that is frequently repeated

What is a custom?

A group behavior that is frequently repeated

What determines how geographers garner different insights about cultural patterns?

How narrow or wide their analytical perspective is

What are the two main categories used to categorize cultures?

Folk culture and popular culture

What is folk culture characteristic of?

Smaller, more isolated and more culturally unified groups

What groups are classified as folk cultures?

Rural populations, Indigenous tribes, and immigrant communities

What is popular culture?

Larger denser and more diverse groups

What areas does popular culture include?

Urban and industrial centers

How does the origins of folk culture differ from popular culture?

They are older and harder to pinpoint

How does popular culture spread?

Primarily through hierarchal and contagious diffusion from developed nations

What are examples of popular culture?

Social media trends, celebrity influences, and Hollywood movie industry

What do cultural traits develop in response to?

The physical landscape, built landscape, and availability of natural resources

What are food taboos?

The social norms of a culture that can define what gets eaten

How can popular culture influence what people eat?

Through advertising and trends, such as celebrities endorsing a brand

What is architecture in folk cultures usually made from?

Available resources in the nearby area

What is architecture in pop cultures based on?

What is in-style, how tech has advanced, and economic status

What causes time space compression?

Globilization

How has modern tech affected culture?

Increased accessibility of travel has quickly spread cultural elements

The rapid intermixing of cultures can lead to what?

Homogenization

What is homogenization?

The sameness of cultural elements

How will communities organize to preserve their culture from homogenization?

By establishing indigenous language organizations or protecting isolated settlements

How do governments and corporations prevent homogenization?

By censoring media that contradicts local values, including content critical of those governments or corporations and content that disrupts religious norms

What is Ethnocentrism?

The attitude of judging another culture’s values against the values of ones own culture

What is cultural relativism?

Judging another culture based on values of that different culture

How would someone participating in cultural relativism judge anothers culture?

By not dismissing the ideas of other traditions but trying to understand where they come from and the value that the religious tradition creates for other people

What makes culture tangible?

The visible features of the world

What is cultural landscape?

A geographic area, including natural and built environments, shaped by human development and use over time

What do the natural features of cultural landscapes include?

Landforms, bodies of water, and ecosystems

The build features of cultural landscapes include what?

Roads, buildings, farms, public scapes, monuments, and religious sites

What religious dimensions do cultural landscapes include?

Shrines, temples, churches, mosques, synagogues, and sacred spaces

What does traditional architecture reflect?

Longstanding cultural features of a location

What are examples of traditional architecture?

Greco Roman style and government buildings in Europe and the Americas and the Adobe style in the American Southwest

How is postmodern architecture different from traditional?

It is more imaginative symbolic and purposefully unconventional

Where is the Guggenheim Museum located?

Spain

The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao Spain is an example of what architectural category?

Postmodern

What does the cultural landscape also communicate?

The economic use of resources and geography, including agricultural methods, industrial methods, and land surveying methods

What countries have a high density of factories?

Brazil and Thailand

What is sequent occupancy?

Cultural imprints that successive societies leave on a place

Mexico City’s cultural landscape reflects the layering of what?

Aztec Spanish Colonial and modern urban civilizations