Chapter 3: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

alkanes are

saturated

with hydrogen atoms

iupac naming

-parent name

-names of substituents

-location of substituents

if there is more than one parent chain choose

the one with the most substituents attached

alkane parent name for 1 carbon atom

methane

alkane parent name for 2 carbon atom

ethane

alkane parent name for 3 carbon atom

propane

alkane parent name for 4 carbon atom

butane

alkane parent name for 5 carbon atom

pentane

alkane parent name for 6 carbon atom

hexane

alkane parent name for 7 carbon atom

heptane

alkane parent name for 8 carbon atom

octane

alkane parent name for 9 carbon atom

nonane

alkane parent name for 10 carbon atom

decane

alkane parent name for 11 carbon atom

undecane

alkane parent name for 12 carbon atom

dodecane

if parent chain is cyclic/ring

add prefix "cyclo"

alkyl group with 1 carbon atom in substituent

methyl

alkyl group with 2 carbon atoms in substituent

ethyl

alkyl group with 3 carbon atoms in substituent

propyl

alkyl group with 4 carbon atoms in substituent

butyl

alkyl group with 5 carbon atoms in substituent

pentyl

alkyl group with 6 carbon atoms in substituent

hexyl

alkyl group with 7 carbon atoms in substituent

heptyl

alkyl group with 8 carbon atoms in substituent

octyl

alkyl group with 9 carbon atoms in substituent

nonyl

alkyl group with 10 carbon atoms in substituent

decyl

isopropyl

where r is the parent group, one additional on the first but total three carbons

sec-butyl

where r is parent group

one additional on the first but 4 total

isobutyl

where r is parent group

1 additional on the second, but 4 total

tert-butyl

where r is parent group

3 additional on the first but 4 total

neopentyl

5 total but 2 additional on the second

isopentyl

5 total but one additional on the third

if one substituent is present, number the parent chain so that

the substituent has the lowest number possible

when multiple substituents present, number the parent chain to give

the first substituent the lowest number possible

(if there is a tie, number it os that second locant gets lowest number possible)

if no tie breaker for numbering parent chain, assign

the lowest number alphabetically

if multiple carbons attached to one substituent

list the number multiple times

assembling complete name

1. put number and name of each substituent before the parent chain name, in alphabetical order

2. a prefix is used (di, tri, tetra, penta, etc) if multiple substituents are identical

when alphabetizing substituents

the di or tri is ignored

space/dash if

after or before a number and for tert- and sec-but not iso

1-methyl

1-methyl

become..

1, 1-dimethyl

sort alphabectially based on the Methyl

newman projections

a way of drawing the conformations of a molecule by looking straight down the bond connecting two carbon atoms

**practice