Genetics in Psychiatry Flashcards

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Flashcards about genetics and psychiatric disorders.

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20 Terms

1
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What is the significance of genetic risk factors in psychiatric conditions?

They are important etiological components.

2
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What is the nature of the risk alleles involved in psychiatric disorders?

They tend to have a small effect, and involve a large number of genes.

3
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What is a limitation in the study of genes related to vulnerability?

Limited or inconclusive results.

4
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What has been the overall success of molecular genetics in identifying risk genes for psychiatric disorders?

Largely unsuccessful.

5
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What is a notable characteristic of genes across different pathologies?

They share common genes.

6
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What is risk in the context of genomic variants related to phenotypes?

Many genomic variants contribute to the phenotype.

7
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In mental disorders, how do numerous genetic variants affect overall risk?

They each have a small effect on the overall risk.

8
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What is a common epigenetic event occurring in Transmembrane proteins (TM)?

Methylation of genes and chemical modifications of histones.

9
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How do epigenetic events alter phenotypes?

They can alter phenotypes without changing the DNA sequence.

10
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What is pleiotropy and where is it commonly observed?

Pleiotropy is when one gene influences multiple traits, and it's very common in the 'spectrums'.

11
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What are the clinical recommendations for genetic testing?

They are quite limited.

12
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During what life stage do 75% of psychiatric disorders appear?

Childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood.

13
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What factors largely shape psychiatric disorders, in addition to heritability?

The environment.

14
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What is the heritability percentage of ADHD?

Around 80%

15
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What is the heritability range for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Between 40-90%

16
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What is the estimated percentage of the genetic component in schizophrenia variance?

More than 70%

17
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What process is involved in schizophrenia?

Synaptic pruning

18
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What is the heritability of Bipolar disorder?

80%

19
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What is the estimated genetic component of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

40%

20
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What is the heritability of Alzheimer's Disease (DAIT)?

60-80%