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Flashcards about genetics and psychiatric disorders.
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What is the significance of genetic risk factors in psychiatric conditions?
They are important etiological components.
What is the nature of the risk alleles involved in psychiatric disorders?
They tend to have a small effect, and involve a large number of genes.
What is a limitation in the study of genes related to vulnerability?
Limited or inconclusive results.
What has been the overall success of molecular genetics in identifying risk genes for psychiatric disorders?
Largely unsuccessful.
What is a notable characteristic of genes across different pathologies?
They share common genes.
What is risk in the context of genomic variants related to phenotypes?
Many genomic variants contribute to the phenotype.
In mental disorders, how do numerous genetic variants affect overall risk?
They each have a small effect on the overall risk.
What is a common epigenetic event occurring in Transmembrane proteins (TM)?
Methylation of genes and chemical modifications of histones.
How do epigenetic events alter phenotypes?
They can alter phenotypes without changing the DNA sequence.
What is pleiotropy and where is it commonly observed?
Pleiotropy is when one gene influences multiple traits, and it's very common in the 'spectrums'.
What are the clinical recommendations for genetic testing?
They are quite limited.
During what life stage do 75% of psychiatric disorders appear?
Childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood.
What factors largely shape psychiatric disorders, in addition to heritability?
The environment.
What is the heritability percentage of ADHD?
Around 80%
What is the heritability range for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Between 40-90%
What is the estimated percentage of the genetic component in schizophrenia variance?
More than 70%
What process is involved in schizophrenia?
Synaptic pruning
What is the heritability of Bipolar disorder?
80%
What is the estimated genetic component of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
40%
What is the heritability of Alzheimer's Disease (DAIT)?
60-80%