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AUMF
Authorization for Use of Military Force. Enabled the US president to unilaterally launch military operations across the world without any congressional oversight in response to terrorist threats
War Powers Resolution
Requires the president to notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action and forbids armed forces from remaining for more than 60 days, with a further 30-day withdrawal period, without congressional authorization for use of military force (AUMF)
Federalist 70
US requires a strong, energetic executive. A Plural executive is dangerous because of a lack of accountability.
Qualifications for President
35 years old, born in the U.S., and has to have lived in the U.S. for 14 years
12th Amendment
Election of President and Vice President
22nd Amendment
Limits the president to two terms.
Vesting Clause
Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution, which states that "executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America," making the president both the head of government and the head of state.
Presidential Veto
a president's authority to reject a bill passed by Congress. May be overridden only by a two-thirds majority in each house
Bully Pulpit
presidential appeals to the public to pressure other branches of government to support his or her policies
Take care clause
The constitutional requirement that presidents take care that the laws are faithfully executed, even if they disagree with the purpose of those laws
Executive Orders
Formal orders issued by the president to direct action by the federal bureaucracy.
Signing statements
occasional written comments attached to a bill signed by the president
Appointment power
The authority vested in the president to fill a government office or position. Congress can check this power through the confirmation process
Commander in Chief Power
the presidential power to control the military
Pardon power
Power of the president to forgive a federal offense without penalty or grant release from a penalty already imposed.
Executive privilege
The power to keep executive communications confidential, especially if they relate to national security.
US v. Nixon
The Supreme Court does have the final voice in determining constitutional questions. No person, not even the President of the United States, is completely above law and the president cannot use executive privilege as an excuse to withhold evidence that is 'demonstrably relevant in a criminal trial
State of the Union Address
the annual speech from the president to Congress updating that branch on the state of national affairs
Pocket Veto
an indirect veto of a legislative bill by the president retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session.
Chief Diplomat
The role of the president in recognizing foreign governments, making treaties, and effecting executive agreements.
Executive Agreement
A formal agreement between the U.S. president and the leaders of other nations that does not require Senate approval.
Impeachment
An action by the House of Representatives to accuse the president, vice president, or other civil officers of the United States of committing "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors."
Executive Office of the President
a collection of offices within the White House organization designed mainly to provide information to the president
Bureaucracy
A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials
Political Patronage
appointment to political office, usually as a reward for helping get a president elected
Pendleton Act
reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of merit, including open, competitive exams. Created the Civil Service Commission
Iron Triangle
coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals
Issue network
webs of influence between interest groups, policymakers, and policy advocates
Implementation
The process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending.
Delegated / Bureaucratic Discretion
The power to decide how a law is implemented and to decide what Congress meant when it decided to pass a law
Regulation
the process through which the bureaucracy uses governmental authority to create rules controlling or changing the way a law is carried out
Bureaucratic Adjudication
when the federal bureaucracy settles disputes between parties that arise over the implementation of federal laws or determines which individuals or groups are covered under a regulation or program
Hobby Lobby v. Burwell
A landmark Supreme Court case in 2014 that ruled closely held corporations could deny contraceptive coverage based on religious objections, impacting the Affordable Care Act.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
A Supreme Court case in 1952 that limited the power of the President to seize private property without Congressional approval even during wartime, reinforcing the principle of checks and balances.
