Cell Organelles and Functions

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.

Plasma (Cell) Membrane

Selectively permeable barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance where organelles are suspended and many reactions occur.

Nucleus

Control center of the cell; contains DNA.

Nuclear Envelope

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus.

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomes inside the nucleus.

Chromatin

DNA and proteins found inside the nucleus.

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Synthesizes and transports proteins; studded with ribosomes.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER

Produces lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, packages, and ships proteins and lipids.

Vesicles

Small sacs that transport materials within the cell

Lysosomes

Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes and old organelles.

Peroxisomes

Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful chemicals

Mitochondria

Produce ATP (energy) through cellular respiration; known as the "powerhouse of the cell.

Vacuole

Storage of water, nutrients, and wastes.

Central Vacuole

Large storage organelle found in plant cells.

Cell Wall

Rigid outer layer that provides support and protection in plant cells.

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll.

Cytoskeleton

Network of fibers that gives shape and support to the cell.