Unit 10 - Industrialization of Europe

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22 Terms

1

Agricultural Revolution

A period of agricultural development marked by the introduction of new farming techniques and tools, contributing to increased productivity and population growth.

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2

Capital

Wealth or assets used to invest in production or business ventures.

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3

Pro-Business Politicians

Political leaders who advocate for policies that favor business growth and industry expansion.

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4

Factory System

A method of manufacturing that uses mechanized production and centralized labor in factories.

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5

Second Industrial Revolution

Period of rapid industrial growth from 1870 to 1914 characterized by industrial processes increasing in scale and complexity.

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6

Urbanization

The process of population movement from rural to urban areas, often leading to city growth and development.

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7

Cholera

A bacterial disease causing severe diarrhea and dehydration, often associated with poor living conditions.

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8

Trade Unions

Organizations formed by workers to advocate for their rights and interests in the workplace.

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9

Proletariat

The working class, especially in relation to the capitalist class.

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10

Bourgeoisie

The capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production.

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11

Socialism

A political and economic theory advocating for collective or governmental ownership of production and resources.

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12

Electricity

A form of energy resulting from the flow of electric charge, which revolutionized power generation.

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13

Internal Combustion Engine

An engine that generates power through combustion of fuel within a chamber, enabling the rise of automobiles and modern transportation.

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14

The Great Famine/Great Hunger

A period of mass starvation and disease in Europe during the mid-19th century, particularly affecting Ireland.

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15

Tenement

A type of housing, often overcrowded and poorly maintained, where many working-class families lived in urban areas.

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16

Luddites

A group of English workers in the early 19th century who protested against industrialization by destroying machinery.

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17

Factory Act (1833)

A British law aimed at improving working conditions in factories, especially for women and children.

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18

May Day

International Workers' Day, observed on May 1st, promoting workers' rights and solidarity.

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19

Domesticity

A cultural ideology that promotes homemaking, often applied to women's roles in society.

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20

Mass Education

The widespread availability and accessibility of education to the general population.

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21

Mass Leisure

The increased availability of leisure activities and entertainment to the working class as a result of industrialization.

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22

The Woman Question

A term referring to the debate on women's roles, rights, and status in society.

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