Elementary Education Review

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from the elementary education lecture notes.

Advocating for Personal Health

Involving children in the process of healthful food choices and giving them the opportunity to participate creates excitement, gives them ownership in their food choice, and imparts the importance of eating healthful food.

Mature Forward Roll

A movement in which the body rolls over in a forward direction, with the head on the mat and the feet over the head. During a mature forward roll, the head touches the mat surface lightly.

Dialogue (in dramatic writing)

The words written by a playwright and used as conversation by the characters in a play.

Discrepant Event

Something that surprises, startles, puzzles, or astonishes the observer. Often, a discrepant event is one that does not appear to follow basic “rules of nature” and the outcome of a discrepant event is unexpected or contrary to what one would have predicted.

Scientific Observation

Application of the five senses — seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting — to describe objects according to their characteristics.

Scientific Inquiry

Activities through which students develop knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, as well as an understanding of how scientists study the natural world, including skills such as observation, inference, and experimentation.

Complete Metamorphosis

The process in which an insect passes through four separate stages of growth as embryo, larva, pupa, and adult.

Plate Tectonics

A theory in geology that describes the large-scale movement of Earth’s lithosphere, explaining how continents are parts of plates that move relative to each other.

Destructive Forces (in geology)

Forces that break down land through processes like weathering and erosion, contributing to cave formation.

Water's Role in Earth's Surface Changes

Water contributes to the weathering and erosion of the land surface in most parts of the globe through precipitation, glaciers, streams, rivers, and oceans.

Volume (Rectangular Block)

Use a metric ruler to find the length, width, and height of the block. Then use the formula: length × width × height.

Conservation (of Mass)

Mass is conserved, or remains the same, no matter its state.

Cooperative Learning

Students work in groups, collaborate, and create their own ways to reach a reasonable answer.

Spatial Sense

An intuitive feel for shape and space, including an ability to recognize, visualize, represent, and transform geometric shapes, helping students understand the relationship between two- and three-dimensional objects.

Mean (Average)

A concept of equal distribution and is also the average of a given set of numbers.

Place and Solid Figures

By using shapes and the students prior knowledge, the students are ready to learn about and understand other shapes and the vocabulary used in geometry.

Equivalence

Although two sets of identical items may be arranged in different ways, they may contain the same quantity of the item.

Partial Products

Breaking apart each of the numbers into tens and ones, and then to multiply ones by ones, tens by tens, and the two possible products of ones by tens.

Estimating

Ensures that the student knows an approximate answer to the question before calculate the exact answer and check.

Nets (Geometry)

A two-dimensional shape that can be folded to form a three-dimensional shape or a solid.

Nonmetric Unit of Measurement

Mile is a measurement of length in the English system.

Elapsed Time

Answering the question using the base-10 place value system without considering the unit of time.

Concrete Mathematics

The one that engages the students in physical manipulation.

Concrete Model to Learn About Negative Numbers.

Provides them with an appropriate model to learn about negative numbers.

Comparing Capacity (Mathematics)

Using cups, pints, quarts, and gallons to learn about different units of capacity.

Tessellations (Geometry)

Patterns formed by repeating shapes to fill a plane without gaps or overlaps.

Symmetry (Geometry)

Shapes that have matching halves when divided by a line of symmetry.

Transformations (Geometry)

Refers to the movement of objects; reflection, rotation, and translation.

Data Collection (Mathematics)

Gathering information through surveys, observations, or experiments to analyze and interpret.

Graphing (Mathematics)

Representing data visually using bar graphs, pie charts, or line graphs to identify patterns or trends.

Probability (Mathematics)

The likelihood of an event occurring, expressed as a fraction, decimal, or percentage.

Range (Statistics)

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set.

Mode (Statistics)

The value that appears most frequently in a data set.

Prime Numbers (Mathematics)

Numbers greater than 1 that are divisible only by 1 and themselves.

Composite Numbers (Mathematics)

Numbers greater than 1 that have more than two factors (including 1 and themselves).

Factors (Mathematics)

Numbers that divide evenly into another number.

Multiples (Mathematics)

Numbers that result from multiplying a number by an integer.

Number Sequences (Mathematics)

An ordered list of numbers that follow a specific pattern or rule.

Problem-Solving Strategies (Mathematics)

Using various methods like drawing a diagram, looking for a pattern, or working backward to solve mathematical problems.

Congruence (Geometry)

Objects that have the same shape and size.

Similarity (Geometry)

Objects that have the same shape but may be different sizes.

Transformational Geometry

The study of how geometric figures change under transformations like translations, rotations, and reflections.

Pythagorean Theorem

In a right triangle, a^2 + b^2 = c^2, where a and b are the lengths of the legs and c is the length of the hypotenuse.

Slope (Algebra)

A measure of the steepness of a line, calculated as the ratio of the change in y to the change in x: \frac{rise}{run}, or \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}.

Y-Intercept (Algebra)

The point where a line crosses the y-axis on a coordinate plane; the value of y when x is zero.

X-Intercept (Algebra)

The point where a line crosses the x-axis on a coordinate plane; the value of x when y is zero.

Linear Equation

An equation that, when graphed, forms a straight line. The general form is y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.

Quadratic Equation

An equation of the form ax^2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are constants and a is not equal to zero.

Polynomial

An expression consisting of variables and coefficients, that involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponents.

Exponential Function

A function of the form f(x) = a^x, where a is a constant and x is the variable in the exponent.

Logarithmic Function

The inverse of an exponential function, expressing the power to which a fixed number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number.

Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)

A measure of the average distance between each data point and the mean of the data set.

Standard Deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Interquartile Range (IQR)