Psychology chapter 10+11

Personality

personal characteristic ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling

Freud psychodynamic thoeries

three pieces of personality, Id, ego, superego

psychideterminism

current states determined by childhood

Id

instinct of us that comes from being animals

eros

driven towards sex and pleasure

thantos

driven towards death and destruction

ego

realization that you have to live in real world, try to satisfy Id.

superego

moral standards developed by society job is to balance ID and superego

defense mechanisms

dealing with conflicts

repression

pushing thoughts into unconscious

reaction formation

you think or feel something but you express the opposite

projection

you feel a certain way so you project that feeling onto others

displacement

feeling to a safe target

regression

retreating to earlier habits in life

freuds psycho-sexual stages

where sexual pleasure is associated

stage 1: oral stage

feeding, nursing (chemical abuse, eating disorders)

stage 2: anal stage

potty training (anal retentive, anal expulsive)

stage 3 phallic stage

love for opposite sex parent (castration anxiety, penis envy)

humanistic theories

is you strip away everything, humans are good people that strive for freedom and choice.

Maslow

created self-actualization pyramid. we try to move ourselves up this pyramid if needs are met

theory of flow

map between challenge and abilities. if its too challenging for abilities we get anxious. is its too easy for abilities we get bored.

trait theories

categorizing or classifying people

Eysenck

found there are two key traits of personality (introvert/extrovert)

Big 5 major traits

the most influential current theory

openness to experience

trying new things/ sticking to usual

Conscientiousness

Organized or sloppy

extroversion

outgoing or shy

agreeableness

make arguments or people pleaser

neuroticism

mood swings or stable feelings

genetics

lots of your personality you are born with

temperment

reactivity and self regulation, can you control yourself

learning and social cognitive approaches

how you interact with environments when young affects older self

culture and personality

traits come from where you live/grow up

Individualistic cultures

Independent, competitive, persoanl achievement

collectivisitc cultures

social harmony, respectful, group>individual

MMPI

Personality test with forced choice options

subjective measure

projective tests, the picture ones where you say the first thing you see

psychopathology

abnormal psychology and psychological disorders

Psychological disorders

disruptive emotions, behaviors, or thoughts that cause distress or the inability to live meaningfully

Biological model

mental illnesses are genetic and have defined symptoms

diathesis stress model

underlying predisposition, triggered by stress or environment

DSM-V

17 categories of disorders and symptoms (subjective judgements)

anxiety disorders

activation of sympathetic nervous system, biologically linked, also learned by CC, and occur by how we interpret the threat

social anxiety

fear of judgement and embarrassment (pre plans how to interact)

agoraphobia

fear of being in public (dont like to leave home)

panic disorders

multiple panic attacks (very psychological)

general anxiety

anxious most of the time

OCD

constant thoughts and behaviors that never stop

body dysmorphic disorder

Preoccupation of perceived flaw

hoarding disorder

special attachment to useless things

PTSD

trauma, flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, headaches

major depression

no energy, loss of interest, loss of appetite, changing sleep patterns, suicidal, episodic

seasonal depression

get depressed in winter due to lack of light

paripartum onset

depressed after giving birth, hormone caused

persistent depressed disorder

being kind of depressed all of the time

Bipolar disorder

extreme highs and lows in mood swings, lots of energy, highly productive, very destructive, reckless behavior, irrational thought. episodic and heritable

Schizophrenia

Stereotypic insanity. delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, inappropriate emotions, deficits in attention and working memory. caused by genetics and brain abnormalities.

Personality disorders

behavior or thought that causes problems for other people. impairs ability to function is society.

Narcissistic

sense of self importance, need constant attention and admiration

paranoid

interpret everything as threatening

schizoid

loner, no connection to others

schizotypal

someone who has strange beliefs, does strange things

histrionic

attention seeking, drama queen, believes everyone loves them

borderline

unstable moods, attention seeking, uses guilt to manipulate others, ruins relationships

antisocial

lack of guilt/concern for others

dissociative amnesia

forgets who they are

Dissociative ague

ends up in unexpected place

derealization

doesnt feel like things are real

Dissociative identity disorder

Multiple personalities, several identities within one person.

autism spectrum

deficits in communication, repetitive behavior, limited interests, difficulty in social skills

ADHA

impulsive control, cant follow orders/instructions

Counseling psychologist

PhD in psych, treat people that are struggling but functioning

clinical psychologist

PhD in psych, servere disorders

psychoanalyst

deals with freudian principals

Psychiatrist

MD with specialized training that can prescribe drugs

clinical social worker

more social context, helps person in work and living

Counselor

a person who calls themselves a counselor without any degree

exorcism

drilled holes in peoples heads to let out all the bad disorders

ostracism

banning someone because of their disorder

Asylums

state hospitals/institutions created to remove people from society

deinstitutionalization

getting rid of asylums, discovering drugs to help, caused lots of homelessness

Psychotherapy

talking therapies, having interactions with professionals

medical/biological therapy

directly change physical or chemical makeup of brain

cognitive therapies

changing your ways of thinking

aversion therapy

pairing unwanted behavior with negative stimuli

exposure therapy

unhooking a stimulus from reaction

systematic desensitization

unlinking conditioned stimulus from conditioned response

behavioral modification

changing consequences to change behavior

Traditional psychoanalysis

based on the idea psychological disorders come from unconscious mind, talk about what you dont want to talk about to understand unconscious conflicts and motives

modern psychoanalysis

talk about childhood issues and relationships

humanistic therapies

people will have a natural strive for positive change

biomedical approaches

drugs mimic or suppress neurotransmitters

Antipsychotic

treats schizophrenia, blocks dopamine sites but has serious side effects

Atypical antipsychotics

blocks dopamine and serotonin, can fix behavioral disorders in children but can be dangerous.

SSRI (antidepressant)

prevents serotonin from being absorbed

Effexor (antidepressant)

promotes horephnephrine and seretonin

Wellbutrin (antidepressant)

promotes horephnephrine and dopamine

Lithium (bipolar dissorder)

takes people from wild mood swings to feel nothing

newer drugs (bipolar dissorder)

mood stabilizers and anti-convulsive

Barbiturate and benzodiazepine (anxiety drugs)

calm down the nervous system, helps reduce anxiety, highly addictive and often abused