Renal calculi

Renal calculi is often described as

Stone, gravel, or stone

Yellow to brownish red

Uric acid

Moderately hard

Uric acid

Positive for murexide test

Uric acid

Ammonium urate is positive for ammonia upn the addition of

Potassium hydroxide

Bumpy or eruptive type of surface resembling miniature volcanic craters

Ammonium urate

Magnesium/Calcium

Pale and friable, clay chalk

Phosphates

Phosphates dissolve in

HCL and Acetic acid

Pale yellow or white granules

Cystine

Resembles CaOx calculi because of crystalline structure

Cystine

Deposited on the surface of uric acid or may mingle with phosphates and carbonates in a putty mass

Sulfonamide

NaOH

Calcium

NaOH and Magnesium

Magnesium

Fine, white precipitate or film

Oxalate phosphate

Dense precipitate

Phosphates stones

Nesslers NaOH

Ammonia

Ammonium hydroxide

Na cyanide

Nitropusside

Cystine

Na carbonate

Uric acid reagent

Uric acid

HCL

MnO2

Oxalates

Ammonium molybdate

Warm over flame

Phosphate

HCL

Carbonates

Reagents used in murexide test

Nitric acid

2/3 drops ammonium hydroxide

Deep yellow to orange red or crimson

Uric acid

Greenish yellow to orange

Xanthine

Pale yellow to orange

Protein

Yellow turning mahogany

Sulfonamides