GTS 261 Mutation characteristics

Transition

Base substitution in which a purine replaces a purine or a pyrimidine replaces a pyrimidine

Transversion

Base substitution in which a purine replaces a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine replaces a purine

Insertion

Addition of one or more nucleotides

Deletion

Deletion of one or more nucleotides

Frameshift mutation

Insertion or deletion that alters the reading frame of a gene

In-frame deletion or insertion

Deletion or insertion of a multiple of three nucleotides that does not alter the reading frame

Expanding nucleotide repeats

Repeated sequence of a set of nucleotides in which the number of copies of the sequence increases

Forward mutation

Changes the wild-type phenotype to a mutant phenotype

Reverse mutation

Changes a mutant phenotype back to the wild-type phenotype

Missense mutation

Changes a sense codon into a different sense codon

Nonsense mutation

Changes a sense codon into a nonsense (stop) codon

Silent mutation

Changes a sense codon into a synonymous codon

Neutral mutation

Changes the amino acid sequence of a protein without altering its ability to function

Loss-of-function mutation

Causes a complete or partial loss of function

Gain-of-function mutation

Causes the appearance of a new trait or function or causes the appearance of a trait in inappropriate tissue or at an inappropriate time

Lethal mutation

Causes premature death

Suppressor mutation

Suppresses the effect of an earlier mutation at a different site

Intragenic suppressor mutation

Suppresses the effect of an earlier mutation within the same gene

Intergenic suppressor mutation

Suppresses the effect of an earlier mutation in another gene