pysch unit 2

first stage of forgetting

sensory memory: senses momentarily register amazing detail

second stage of forgetting

short term memory: a few items are both noticed and encoded

third stage of forgetting

long term storage: some items are altered or lost

fourth stage of forgetting

retrieval from long term storage: some things get retrieved, some dont

encoding failure 

failure to encode—-it never entered the LTM

storage decay

Even if we encode something well, we can still forget it.

Without rehearsal, we can forget things over time

Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve

retention rate drops and then levels off

forgetting is the worst in the first 3 days

retrieval failure

memory was encoded and stored but you cannot access it

interference

Learning some items may interfere with your ability to retrieve others

retro & pro

retrograde amnesia

cant remember new things

antergrade amnesia

cant remember old things

infantile amenesia

not remembering early childhood bc of underdeveloped hippocampus

memory construction

things that may alter how you encode/retreive

misinformation effect & source amnesia

misinformation effect

incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event 

loftus & palmer

studied the misinformation effect by interviewing eye witnesses of a car crash

found that wording can change peoples memories

source amnesia

aka source misattribution, recalling certain information but not when, why, or where it was learned

imagination inflation

type of source misattribution where you think something happened but it was just imagined 

repression

frueds explanation for forgetting

idea that you purposely keep anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness 

elaborative rehersal

thinking about the contents meaning, how it relates to past knowledge   

maintenance rehearsal

the process of repeatedly talking about or thinking about information

storage decay

long term memories fading away

priming

hearing/seeing something that helps with retrieval 

repetition priming 

seeing/hearing the exact info makes it easier to retrieve 

semantic priming

seeing/hearing similar info makes it easier to retrieve 

context effects

the environment/situation in which you experienced something can later change how you remember it

transcience

natural forgetting old memories overtime

absentmindness

not paying attention in retrieval/encoding leading in poor memory

blocking

temporarily being unable to retrieve information you have stored 

bias

current knowlegde altering the memory of past experiences

presistance

re-expriencing unwanted memories

suggestibility

creating false memories that alter real ones