WFC 120 Fish orders

Agnathans (jawless fishes)

Mixiniformes (hangfishes)

Petromyzontiformes (lamprey)

Ostracoderms*

Condricthyes (jawed fishes)

Chimaeriformes (Chimeras)

Heterodontiformes (Bullhead sharks)

Lamniformes (Mackrel sharks)

Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)

Orectolobiformes (Nurse sharks)

Squaliformes (Dogfish, Sleeper sharks, Cookie Cutter sharks)

Squantiformes (

Torpediniformes (Electric rays)

Rhinopristiformes (Sawfishes)

Rajiformes (Skates)

Myliobatiformes (Bat rays, Eagle rays, etc.)

Placoderms*

Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes)

Coelacanthiformes (Coelacanths)

Dipnoi (Lungfish)

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Polypteriformes (Birchirs)

Ascipensiformes (Sturgeons + Paddlefish)

Lepisosteiformes (Gars)

Amiiformes (Bowfins)

Heterodontiformes

• Bullhead sharks

• Distinct dorsal fins, blunt snouts, nocturnal

• Live mostly on rocky reefs and feed on small fishes

Placoderms*

• Extinct

• Huge, bony, jawed fish

Acanthodians*

• Spiny sharks

• Extinct

• Cartilaginous skeletons; bony plates, spines, & fins

Chimaeriformes

• Chimeras

• Deep sea predators w/ high protein diet

• Lack stomach, upper jaw not fused to neurocranium, tooth plates, oviparous

Orectolobiformes

• Nurse sharks

  • Evolved suction feeding + mechanism for pumping water over their gills

• Whale sharks

  • Epipelagic, occasionally mesopelagic

  • Planktivores: gill rakers + RAM feeding

Squaliformes

• Dogfish, Sleeper Sharks, Cookie Cutter Sharks

• 2 dorsal fins w/ spines, no anal fin or nictitating membrane, 5-7 gill slits

Lamniformes

• Mackerel sharks (great white, thresher, mako)

• Pointy snout, fusiform to thunniform, lack nictitating membranes

Carcharhiniformes

• Ground sharks (ie hammerheads)

• 2 dorsal fins, anal fin, 5 gill slits

Torpediniformes

• Electric rays

• Rounded pectoral disc, muscular caudal fin, ventral mouth and nostrils, muscular electric organs

Rhinopristiformes

• Sawfishes

• Large rostrum “saw” detects and disables prey in sediment

Rajiformes

• Skates

• Depressed body, large pointed pectoral fins, ventral mouth, gills, and nose

Myliobatiformes

• Bat Rays, Manta Rays, Sting Rays, etc.

• Extremely flattened, benthic or pelagic, serrated, often venomous spine located on tail

Compressed

Body is compressed laterally

Globiform

Round body shape

Anguilliform

Long, slender body shape

Depressed

Body is compressed longitudinally

Fusiform

Body plan designed for burst speed; common in ambush fishes

Thunniform

Body plan designed for long distance, mesopelagic swimming; common in migratory fishes

Anguilliform movement

Whole body is used to displace water in order to generate movement

Subcarangiform movement

Used to navigate complex environments

Carangiform movement

Used for burst movement

Thunniform movement

Used for long distance swimming

Inferior mouth

Downward pointing mouth; often found in bottom-feeding fish

Superior mouth

Upward-pointing mouth; found in fish that feed on the water surface

Terminal mouth

Mouth at the end of the snout; found in most fishes

Anterior

Posterior

Dorsal

Ventral

Maxillary

Nares

Mandible

Operculum

Branchiostegal rays

Pectoral fin

Pelvic fin

First dorsal fin

Lateral line

Second dorsal fin

Caudal fin

Vent

Anal fin

Peduncle

Spines

• Bony, stiff, round, sharp and unsegmented

• Found in Acanthopterygian fishes

Rays

• Soft, flexible, segmented, and maybe branches

• Found in Teleostian fishes

• Undulated for movement

Rounded tail

Truncated tail

Forked tail

Lunated tail

Heterocercal