Foundations of PH (module 1 material)

clinical care

prevention, treatment, and management of illness and preservation

of mental and physical well-being through services offered by medical and allied

health professions; also known as health care.

determinant:

factor that contributes to the generation of a trait.

epidemic:

occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific

health-related behavior, or other health-related event clearly in excess of normal

expectancy. Both terms are used interchangeably; however, epidemic usually

refers to a larger geographic distribution of illness or health-related events.

health outcome:

result of a medical condition that directly affects the length or

quality of a person’s life

intervention:

action or ministration that produces an effect or is intended to alter

the course of a pathologic process.

pandemic:

denoting a disease affecting or attacking the population of an

extensive region, country, or continent.

population health:

approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire

population

prevention:

action so as to avoid, forestall, or circumvent a happening, conclusion,

or phenomenon (e.g., disease).

10 Essential Public Health Services (the first 5)

1. Assess and monitor population health.

2. Investigate, diagnose and address health hazards and root causes.

3. Communicate effectively to inform and educate.

4. Strengthen, support and mobilize communities and partnerships.

5. Create, champion and implement policies, plans and laws

10 Essential Public Health Services (5-10)

1. Utilize legal and regulatory actions.

2. Enable equitable access.

3. Build a diverse and skilled workforce.

4. Improve and innovate through evaluation, research and quality improvement. 

5. (#10) Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health.

1. How the fields of medicine and public health are different and complementary.

2. How health is defined, theoretically and in practice.

3. The multiple determinants of health and the impact of each.

4. The models that have been used to integrate the determinants of health.

5. How public health interventions have changed over the past century

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How can living in the wrong Zip code shorten your life?

• black communities are less likely to have access to resources that promote health (grocery stores with fresh foods, places to exercise and quality health care facilities)—-even in middle-class neighborhoods.

• these communities also have less opportunities for economic prosperity, with higher unemployment rates and fewer opportunities to work and quality education, all of which shape health outcomes across a lifespan

• Places that are economically distressed, for example, tend to have the lowest life expectancies. (especially if they are children)

• “People who earn less also tend to die sooner.”—Uneven income patterns may reflect unequal public investments in social programs that help people earn more, like education.

• state and local govt—- Research shows that where local government spending is higher, life expectancies increase among those with lower income

• social determinants of health

Assessment

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Assurance

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Biomedical sciences

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Environmental health science

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Epidemiology

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Infectious diseases

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Life expectancy

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Mainstream medicine

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Policy development

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Primary prevention

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Secondary prevention

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Tertiary prevention

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Social and behavioral sciences

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Statistics

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Health disparities

are preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations.